介质阻挡放电中超四边斑图沿面放电的光谱研究

利用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体中,首次观察到了超四边斑图沿面放电,它是由中心点和暗点组成的。通过观察普通相机的斑图照片,可以发现中心点位于周围四个暗点的中心处。利用高速录像机对斑图进行短曝光拍摄,观察发现中心点对应体放电,暗点对应沿面放电,暗点由这些沿面放电形成。中心点和暗点的亮度有所不同,这说明中心点和暗点的等离子体状态可能不同。采用发射光谱法,研究了超四边斑图沿面放电的的中心点和暗点的等离子体参量随氩气含量的变化趋势。利用氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)发射谱线,计算得出了中心点和暗点的分子振动温度; 然后通过氩原子696.57 nm (2P₂→1S₅)谱线的展宽,研究了中心点和暗点的电子密度。实验结果表明： 在相同氩气含量下,暗点的分子振动温度和电子密度均高于中心点的相应等离子体参量; 在其他实验条件不变的情况下,随着氩气含量从90%增大到99.9%,中心点和暗点的分子振动温度和电子密度均逐渐增大。结果表明中心点和暗点的等离子状态不同,说明二者的放电机制可能不同。     

Quantum Anomalous Hall Multilayers Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Quantum anomalous Hall(QAH) effect is a quantum Hall effect that occurs without the need of external magnetic field. A system composed of multiple parallel QAH layers is an effective high Chern number QAH insulator and the key to the applications of the dissipationless chiral edge channels in low energy consumption electronics. Such a QAH multilayer can also be engineered into other exotic topological phases such as a magnetic Weyl semimetal with only one pair of Weyl points. This work reports the first experimental realization of QAH multilayers in the superlattices composed of magnetically doped(Bi,Sb)_2Te_3 topological insulator and Cd Se normal insulator layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The obtained multilayer samples show quantized Hall resistance h/N_e~2, where h is Planck's constant, e is the elementary charge and N is the number of the magnetic topological insulator layers, resembling a high Chern number QAH insulator. The QAH multilayers provide an excellent platform to study various topological states of matter.     

一种新的基于频域有限差分方法的小周期有机太阳能电池的光电特性

由MoO₃/Ag/MoO₃ （MAM）组成的多层膜结构非常有希望替代ITO作为有机太阳能电池中的透明阳极.然而,基于MAM结构的有机太阳能电池光吸收能力较弱.为此,引入了一种小周期短节距金属光栅,利用表面等离子激元增强活性层的光吸收.借助于频域有限差分方法求解麦克斯韦方程和半导体方程,探讨了有机太阳能电池结构的光学和电学性质.分析结果表明：与平面结构相比,活性层中的光吸收大大提高;同时,当凹槽宽度为4 nm,能量转换效率提高了49%.相关结果有助于更好地开发和利用无ITO层的有机太阳能电池.     

基于激光拉曼光谱的水面油膜厚度测量方法研究

为了实现水体表面油膜厚度的快速非接触检测,基于激光拉曼光谱检测技术,搭建了水体表面油膜厚度拉曼光谱检测系统。以532 nm激光作为激发光源,以常见的柴油和汽油为例研究了不同油品的拉曼光谱特性,研究结果表明,油膜拉曼光谱响应特性与油品密切相关,相同油膜厚度情况下不同油品的拉曼光谱曲线有明显的差异,97#汽油在1 651 cm-1光谱强度要高于90#汽油。随着油膜厚度的增加,柴油316和1 451 cm-1光谱强度和汽油1 651 cm-1拉曼位移光谱强度增加,油拉曼光谱信号变强;根据油水界面拉曼光谱特征,设计了油膜厚度计算因子,实验证明随着油膜厚度增加,油膜厚度计算因子r_film呈下降趋势。可以将油膜厚度计算因子作为水体表面油膜厚度测量的一种依据。     

不同结构六边形斑图演化过程光谱特性

采用发射光谱法,研究了水电极介质阻挡放电中具有相同对称性的3种不同结构的六边形斑图演化过程的光谱特性。实验结果表明,随着外加电压的增加,放电首先形成六边形点阵斑图,然后是空心六边形斑图,最后是蜂窝六边形斑图。利用氩原子696.5 nm(2P_2→1S_5)谱线的展宽、氩原子763.2 nm(2P_6→1S_5)与772.1 nm(2P_2→1S_3)两条谱线强度比法和氮分子第二正带系(C~3Π_u→B~3Π_g)的发射谱线,研究上述3种斑图的电子密度、电子激发温度及分子振动温度。结果发现,随着外加电压的升高,六边形点阵斑图、空心六边形斑图和蜂窝六边形斑图的电子密度逐渐减小,而电子激发温度和分子振动温度逐渐增加。等离子体状态的改变直接影响着斑图的自组织。     

Ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics and the quantum nature of hydrogen bonds

The hydrogen bond(HB) is an important type of intermolecular interaction, which is generally weak, ubiquitous,and essential to life on earth. The small mass of hydrogen means that many properties of HBs are quantum mechanical in nature. In recent years, because of the development of computer simulation methods and computational power, the influence of nuclear quantum effects(NQEs) on the structural and energetic properties of some hydrogen bonded systems has been intensively studied. Here, we present a review of these studies by focussing on the explanation of the principles underlying the simulation methods, i.e., the ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics. Its extension in combination with the thermodynamic integration method for the calculation of free energies will also be introduced. We use two examples to show how this influence of NQEs in realistic systems is simulated in practice.     

Dynamics of a three-level V-type atom driven by a cavity photon and microwave field

We discuss the dynamics of a three-level V-type atom driven simultaneously by a cavity photon and microwave field by examining the atomic population evolution. Owing to the coupling effect of the cavity photon, periodical oscillation of the population between the two upper states and the ground state takes place, which is the well-known vacuum Rabi oscillation. Meanwhile, the population exchange between the upmost level and the middle level can occur due to the driving action of the external microwave field. The general dynamic behavior is the superposition of a fast and a slow periodical oscillation under the cooperative and competitive effect of the cavity photon and the microwave field. Numerical results demonstrate that the time evolution of the population is strongly dependent on the atom–cavity coupling coefficient g and Rabi frequency ?_e that reflects the intensity of the external microwave field. By modulating the two parameters g and ?_e, a large number of population transfer behaviors can be achieved.     

Density and impurity profile behaviours in HL-2A tokamak with different gas fuelling methods

The electron density profile peaking and the impurity accumulation in the HL-2A tokamak plasma are observed when three kinds of fuelling methods are separately used at different fuelling particle locations. The density profile becomes more peaked when the line-averaged electron density approaches the Greenwald density limit n_G and, consequently, impurity accumulation is often observed. A linear increase regime in the density range n_e< 0.6n_G and a saturation regime in n_e > 0.6n_G are obtained. There is no significant difference in achieved density peaking factor f_ne between the supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) and gas puffing into the plasma main chamber. However, the achieved f_ne is relatively low, in particular, in the case of density below 0.7n_G, when the working gas is puffed into the divertor chamber. A discharge with a density as high as 1.2n_G, i.e. n_e = 1.2n_G, can be achieved by SMBI just after siliconization as a wall conditioning. The metallic impurities, such as iron and chromium, also increase remarkably when the impurity accumulation happens. The mechanism behind the density peaking and impurity accumulation is studied by investigating both the density peaking factor versus the effective collisionality and the radiation peaking versus density peaking.     

样品温度和空间约束两种方法相结合对激光诱导击穿光谱的影响

升高样品温度和采用空间约束能提高激光诱导击穿光谱的信号强度,两种技术的结合可以进一步提高激光诱导击穿光谱的光谱强度.本文在空气环境中研究了升高样品温度和空间约束效应两种方法相结合对激光诱导击穿光谱的影响,测量了激光诱导铝等离子体的时间分辨光谱.实验结果表明:升高样品温度能增加激光诱导击穿光谱的信号强度,高温样品能耦合更...     

少数铯原子的选择性激光探测

本文报道了用激光选择性探测少数约原子的共振双光子电离实验,铯原子的光电离达到了完全饱和,每一个激光脉冲探测到的原子数为5.3×10~4。使用一台可调频染料激光器完成了铯原子的共振双光子电离,第一个光子使Cs原子从基态6~2S_(1/2)激发到7~2P_(1/2)能级,第二个光子使Cs原子离化。本实验采用自建的消融灯泵浦的脉冲染料激光强迫振荡器,输出线宽为0.5(?),波长4593(?),能量为300mJ,脉宽2μs,激光束被聚焦到原子束池中,能量密度始终保持大于1J/cm~2,电离后的离子电子对由静电计检测。为了与实验值比较,假设对一个简易的计算模型进行了理论计算,实验值与理论值很好地符合。