β-delayed neutron decay of 21N

The β-delayed neutron and γ spectra of neutron-rich nucleus ²¹N using β-γ and β-n coincidence measurements were presented in this paper. Thirteen new neutron groups ranging from 0.28 MeV to 4.98 MeV and with a total branching ratio 88.7±4.2% were observed. One γ transition among the excited states of ²¹O, and four γ transitions among the excited states of ²⁰O were identified in the β decay chain of ²¹N. The ungated half-life of 83.8±2.1 ms was also determined for ²¹N.     

BEPCII Injector Linac Upgrade and Beam Instabilities

The upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider （BEPCII） and its injector linac is working well. The linac upgrade aims at a higher injection rate of 5OmA/min into the storage ring, which requires an injected beam with low emittance, low energy spread and high beam orbit and energy stabilities. This goal is finally reached recently by upgrading the linac components and by dealing with rich and practical beam physics, which are described in this study.     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Helium Behaviour in Titanium Crystals

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the behaviour of helium atoms in titanium at a temperature of 30OK. The nucleation and growth of helium bubble has been simulated up to 50 helium atoms. The approach to simulate the bubble growth is to add helium atoms one by one to the bubble and let the system evolve. The titanium cohesion is based on the tight binding scheme derived from the embedded atom method, and the helium-titanium interaction is characterized by fitted potential in the form of a Lennard-Jones function. The pressure in small helium bubbles is approximately calculated. The simulation results show that the pressure will decrease with the increasing bubble size, while increase with the increasing helium atoms. An analytic function about the quantitative relationship of the pressure with the bubble size and number of helium atoms is also fitted.     

基于Metop-B/GOME-2的TG-2/MAI可见光通道交叉定标

2016年9月15日发射的TG-2空间实验室上搭载的MAI是我国首个在轨运行的多角度偏振成像仪，主要用于获取云和气溶胶等大气环境信息。星载遥感仪器的定标是观测资料定量应用的关键前提且贯穿仪器的整个寿命期。MAI发射前已经进行了实验室定标，且精度较高。为了监测MAI发射后的在轨运行情况，针对其未配置在轨定标装置的问题，利用Metop-B/GOME-2可见光波段的高光谱分辨率和较高探测精度的优势，提出了基于GOME-2对MAI 565，670以及763 nm通道进行在轨监测及交叉定标的方法。该方法首先通过时空匹配、视线几何匹配等获取MAI与GOME-2相近时刻、相近视线几何条件下的同目标观测数据，再将GOME-2反射率按照MAI可见光通道光谱响应函数进行卷积，得到各通道的参考反射率，与MAI反射率进行对比分析，从而实现对MAI的定标。利用不同反照率特性目标的匹配观测数据，该方法能够实现仪器的高、中、低端观测的全覆盖定标。定标过程主要包括： (1)对2016年12月到2017年2月期间TG-2和Metop-B的运行轨道进行预报，获取二者交叉观测的整轨数据；设置观测时间差为900 s，初步匹配得到8组MAI与GOME-2交叉观测样例，包含2 455组匹配像元；(2)对匹配像元空间位置进行检验，保留单个GOME-2像元覆盖的MAI像元数超过338的交叉样本，以确保单个GOME-2像元尽可能被MAI观测充满；(3)给定GOME-2观测天顶角小于30°的限制条件，同时设置视线几何检验条件为两仪器观测天顶角余弦的比值接近于1，且相差不超过0.05，并充分利用MAI的多角度观测优势，对每一个MAI像元采用最多14个方向的视线几何进行匹配，从而选择最优的视线匹配方向；(4)设置观测目标均匀性检验条件为一个GOME-2像元覆盖的全部MAI像元反射率的标准差和均值之比小于0.5，对匹配像元进行检验，得到469个匹配的GOME-2像元。(5)将以上GOME-2像元对应的各个波长的反射率按照MAI可见光通道的光谱响应函数进行积分，即可得到MAI各通道对应的GOME-2参考反射率。(6)利用GOME-2像元空间分辨率显著大于MAI分辨率的特征，对每个GOME-2像元覆盖的全部MAI像元反射率进行平均作为MAI反射率，显著降低了定标结果对观测目标均匀性的依赖程度。(7)将GOME-2参考反射率与MAI反射率进行回归分析，得到定标系数，实现对MAI的在轨交叉定标。为了分析各匹配条件对定标结果的影响，利用单一变量法对像元匹配过程中各检验条件阈值进行调整并开展了分析试验。结果表明，当进一步严格匹配筛选条件时，定标结果不会产生显著变化。基于该方法对MAI三个通道反射率和GOME-2参考反射率进行对比分析，结果表明二者之间存在显著地线性关系，且相关系数均优于0.97，对比差异的均值分别为1.6%，4.2%和2.3%，标准差分别为3.1%，4.1%和2.4%。总体来看，利用在轨交叉定标方法能够实现MAI可见光波段的在轨监测及定标，为MAI数据的定量应用奠定了基础。     

手征介质与陈绝缘体界面附近原子的自发辐射研究

对手征特异材料介质与陈绝缘体材料界面附近二能级原子的自发辐射特性进行了研究.推导计算了手征介质界面及其与陈绝缘体材料界面的反射系数矩阵,并根据并矢格林函数求得此环境下二能级原子自发衰减率的表达式.对手征介质和陈绝缘体材料特性参数影响下的原子自发辐射进行了数值计算,分别对平行和垂直于界面的偶极子自发衰减率进行讨论,并对辐射模式和消逝模式下的自发辐射进行了分析.结果表明,由于手征参量的存在,手征介质界面附近的原子自发衰减率与普通介质相比被增强.陈绝缘体则使得界面附近原子的自发辐射被明显抑制,且当手征参量较大时,陈绝缘体的抑制效应更加显著.     

Research progress of Pt and Pt-based cathode electrocatalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been widely used commercially to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is the rate-determining step in PEMFCs. Platinum (Pt) catalysts are used to accelerate the ORR kinetics. Pt's scarcity, high cost, and instability in an acidic environment at high potentials seriously hinder the commercialization of PEMFCs. Therefore, studies should explore electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity, enhanced stability, and low-Pt loading. This review briefly introduces the research progress on Pt and Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts for PEMFCs, including anticorrosion catalyst supports, Pt, and Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts. Advanced preparation technology and material characterization of Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts are necessary to improve the performance and corresponding reaction mechanisms.     

基于吸收互补有机半导体本体复合薄膜的高性能柔性光突触晶体管

采用光吸收互补的聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)和引达省并二噻吩-苯并噻二唑共聚物(PIDT-BT), 通过溶液法制备了两者的本体复合异质结构有机半导体薄膜, 并研究了薄膜的表面结构和光电性质. 将PIDT-BT:P3HT复合薄膜作为一类新型光敏沟道层, 与聚电解质介电材料相结合, 制备了高性能柔性低电压光突触晶体管. 考察了不同光刺激条件对光突触晶体管性能的影响及半导体机制, 发现PIDT-BT:P3HT器件具有明显光突触特性, 并且相较于单纯PIDT-BT或P3HT器件具有更高响应的兴奋性突触后电流. 基于PIDT-BT:P3HT薄膜的光突触器件, 在绿红双色光刺激下的响应大于两种单色光分别刺激的响应之和, 表明附加光刺激可调控器件的记忆效率. 该研究为发展高性能光响应半导体薄膜及柔性低功耗光突触器件提供了新策略.     

Alignment and efficiency-monitoring method of high-power fiber-to-fiber coupling

High-power fiber-to-fiber coupling is extensively used in fiber laser applications,and its performance is determined by coupling efficiency.We demonstrate a novel method for alignment and monitoring efficiency by detecting backscattering power at the fiber end cap.The relationship between alignment error and backscattering power is determined by simulations and experiments.Through this method,a state-of-the-art kW-level fiberto-fiber optic switch is developed(transmission efficiency>97%).It performs well for longer than 60 min.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first time to establish the mathematical model based on this method.Our results can provide guidance in high-power fiber-to-fiber coupling.     

燃料电池膜电极衰减机制及其抗老化策略北大核心CSCD

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)具有高能量效率和高能量密度、低温快速启动、结构紧凑、无污染、低噪声等优点,在氢能汽车、固定式电站、水下潜艇和通讯电源等方面具有广泛的应用前景.目前影响燃料电池商用化的主要问题是成本和寿命,特别是在工况下急剧的启停、干湿、温度等变化,以及随之带来的机械及电化学老化,严重影响了燃料电池核心部件膜电极的耐久性和稳定性,导致燃料电池寿命大幅度下降.动态负载下燃料电池的寿命较短,距离燃料电池汽车商业化目标寿命仍有较大距离.因此,开发快速有效的膜电极加速老化测试程序,研究膜电极的耐久性,揭示燃料电池失效机理,寻找解决措施,对提高燃料电池使用寿命,推动燃料电池技术商业化,实现国民经济可持续发展具有重大意义.本文通过对比研究膜电极老化测试,从催化材料、质子交换膜以及启停控制策略应用等方面,分析电极、质子交换膜等关键材料的衰减物化机理,从材料科学领域深入探讨提升关键材料耐久性的方法及机理.为燃料电池的各部件制备与设计完善评价体系,推进燃料电池商用化发展.     

车用燃料电池系统耐久性研究北大核心CSCD

燃料电池的耐久性是燃料电池汽车的关键技术问题,车用燃料电池寿命需要达到5000小时以上才能满足汽车应用要求.作者基于车用燃料电池失效模式的研究,通过优化系统设计和改进系统控制策略等,开发出长寿命的Hy SYS-30车用燃料电池系统,并采用车用动态工况,对所开发的燃料电池系统进行了6000小时以上的耐久性测试,6000小时的性能衰减率仅为8.1%.