大锥角光纤探针的制备

用熔拉法、腐蚀法、管腐蚀法、熔拉-腐蚀法、激光消融法等制备了光纤探针,对其外形进行了分析比较.熔拉法制作的探针,锥形过渡区细长,并且获得的探针锥角不大(8°～35°).腐蚀法与管腐蚀法可以使探针的锥形过渡区短,损耗小,锥角大(15°～65°),但在制备更大的锥角光纤探针时,表面开始变得粗糙.拉伸-腐蚀的方法制作光纤探针存在一个变锥度区.激光消融腐蚀法容易获得大锥角的探针,并且表面光滑.     

食品色素日落黄与诱惑红荧光特性的研究

应用英国Edinburgh FLS920P型稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱仪,对日落黄与诱惑红溶液进行荧光光谱的实验测量,得到日落黄荧光峰在420 nm,诱惑红荧光峰在432 nm。进一步,应用Gaussian 09W软件构建日落黄分子与诱惑红分子的基态和激发态的几何构型,基于密度泛函理论和含时密度泛函理论,完成对两种分子基态和激发态的优化和计算。优化过程中,采用MPWK泛函和6-31g(d)基组;计算过程中,采用B3LYP泛函和6-311g(d,p)基组。考虑到溶剂效应对计算结果的影响,因此在计算过程中引入了极化连续介质模型,最后计算得到日落黄的荧光峰在435 nm,与实验所得有3.57%的相对误差;计算得到诱惑红荧光峰在443 nm,与实验所得有2.55%的相对误差,两种分子荧光峰的相对误差都在允许范围之内,说明计算合理。在分析光谱特性时,发现两种分子荧光峰的产生与分子内电荷转移有关。     

TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag复合结构SERS实验

基于氧化物半导体的光催化特性,能够降解有机物分子,使表面增强拉曼散射基底得以重复使用。提出了银纳米颗粒有效修饰覆盖有石墨烯的二氧化钛纳米棒阵列(TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag)复合结构作为表面增强拉曼散射基底,并对其进行了实验研究。利用水热法制备了二氧化钛纳米棒阵列;采用湿法转移石墨烯和光照还原方法制备了TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag复合结构。用罗丹明6G(R6G)分子作为探测分子,结果表明:随着紫外光照沉积时间增加,探针分子的拉曼信号先增强后减弱;计算得到最大增强因子值约为2.6×106。此外,还对TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag复合结构的紫外自清洁特性进行了初步实验,结果表明,紫外光照射20min后,其拉曼强度下降到42.3%,具有一定的紫外清洁效果。     

光学技术在运动人体科学中的应用

研究了光学技术在人体运动研究中潜在应用．光生物调节作用可以抑制细胞凋亡．色光疗法、低强度激光针灸和鼻腔内低强度激光照射可以调节植物神经功能和昼夜节律，它们具有防治运动性疲劳的潜在价值．蛋白质分子构型变化可以用园二色谱表征，组织和大脑血氧饱和度的变化可以用近红外光谱表征，尿液可以用傅里叶红外光谱进行代谢组学研究，它们都可以作为运动训练的有效表征工具．     

WDP-500C型平面光栅单色仪应用于实验教学的技术问题

针对WDP-500C型平面光栅单色仪未设有千位数字,致使其报警时不能正确处理的问题,提出了根据滑块的传动距离加长挡光板或将光电报警开关向短波段移动8.0 nm的解决方案,消除了由于单色仪设计问题而产生的故障.     

Design, Fabrication and Measurement of Ni/Ti Multilayer Used for Neutron Monochromator

Ni/Ti multilayers, which can be used for neutron monochromators, are designed, fabricated and measured. Firstly, their reflectivities are simulated based on the Nevot-Croce model. Reflectivities of two Ni/Ti multilayer mirrors with periods d = 10.3 nm （M1） and d = 7.8 nm （M2） are calculated. In the calculation, the reflectivity of the Ni/Ti multilayer is taken as a function of the gazing angle with different roughness factors δ =1.0 nm and = 1.5 nm. Secondly, these two multilayers are fabricated by the direct current magnetron sputtering technology. Thirdly their structures are characterized by small-angle x-ray diffraction. The roughness factors are fitted to be 0.68 nm and 1.16nm for M1 and M2, respectively. Finally their reflective performances are measured on the V14 neutron beam line at the Berlin Neutron Scattering Centre （BENSC）, Germany. The experimental data show that the grazing angle of the reflected neutron intensity peak increases, but the reflected neutron intensity decreases, with the decreasing periods of the multilayers.     

H2bzimpy-钐-酪氨酸三元配合物的合成、表征及其与DNA的相互作用

合成了一种新型的配合物:[SmL2TyrONO2](NO2)2[L=2.6-二(苯并咪唑-2')吡啶(H2bzimpy);Tyr为酪氨酸(DL-Tyrosine)].用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱对配合物进行了表征.用紫外光谱、荧光光谱、粘度研究了配合物与DNA的相互作用.结果表明:配合物以部分键合模式与DNA作用.     

Measurement and analysis of fission rates in a spherical mockup of uranium and polyethylene

Measurements of the reaction rate distribution were carried out using two kinds of Plate Micro Fission Chamber （PMFC）. The first is a depleted uranium chamber and the second an enriched uranium chamber. The material in the depleted uranium chamber is strictly the same as the material in the uranium assembly. With the equation solution to conduct the isotope contribution correction, the fission rate of 238U and 235U were obtained from the fission rate of depleted uranium and enriched uranium. Then, the fission count of 238U and 235U in an individual uranium shell was obtained. In this work, MCNP5 and continuous energy cross sections ENDF/BV.0 were used for the analysis of fission rate distribution and fission count. The calculated results were compared with the experimental ones. The calculation of fission rate of DU and EU were found to agree with the measured ones within 10% except at the positions in polyethylene region and the two positions near the outer surface. Because the fission chamber was not considered in the calculation of the fission counts of 238U and 235U, the calculated results did not agree well with the experimental ones.     

基于SERS与PCA-SLR实现乙基对氧磷定量检测

利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),结合主成分分析(PCA)与分段线性回归(SLR)算法实现乙基对氧磷的定量检测。首先采集820～1 630 cm-1乙基对氧磷溶液SERS,并对820～1 630 cm-1(全范围)与845～875 cm-1(特征范围)光谱分别进行标准正态变换(SNV)、多元散射校正(MSC)、一阶导数绝对值、二阶导数等预处理;然后经PCA降维后利用SLR建立乙基对氧磷溶液浓度预测模型。通过对比不同模型的预测准确度,发现特征范围光谱采用MSC预处理后所建立的模型为最优,总体预测均方误差值(RMSEP)为0.33,满足乙基对氧磷定量检测的需要。     

新型4-氨基安替比林席夫碱的合成及对Cu2+的选择性识别

设计合成了一种新型安替比林-席夫碱衍生物M(4-氨基安替比林缩5-硝基水杨醛席夫碱),用IR、1H NMR及元素分析对其结构进行了表征。通过紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究了M对Cu2+的选择性识别作用。结果表明:M与Cu2+能够以1∶1的化学计量比形成配合物,结合常数为6.5×104L·mol-1;M和Cu2+的结合导致M在496 nm处的荧光猝灭,紫外可见吸收光谱红移,且M对Cu2+有较高的选择性,受常见离子的干扰较小。