Alkylation mechanism of benzene with 1-dodecene catalyzed by Et_3NHCl-AlCl_3

The isotope exchange method was employed to investigate the catalytic mechanism of ionic liquid in alkylation of benzenes with olefins.It is proposed that alkylation was induced by the Lewis acid AlCl3 which attracted π electrons of 1-dodecene to shift toward 1-carbon,thus forming a carbonium ion.The carbonium ion further reacted with benzenes to form a complex.Due to unstabilit of the complex,a deuterated ring proton was transferred into an electronegative 1-carbon of the side chain to substitute for the A...     

对数平均和双参数广义Muirhead平均之间的比较

本文讨论了两个不同正实数x和y的对数平均L(x,y)=(x-y)/(logx-logy)与双参数广义Muirhead平均M(a,b;x,y)=[(x~ay~b+x~by~a)/2]~(1/(a+b))之间的比较,得到了如下三个结论:(11)若(a,b)∈D_1∪E_1∪L_0,则M(a,b;x,y)L(x,y);(2)若(a,b)∈D_2∪E_2,则M(a,b;x,y)L(x,y);(3)若(a,b)∈D_3∪E_3,则存在x_1,y_1,x_2,y_2,使得M(a,b;x_1;y_1)L(x_1,y_1)和M(a,b;x_2,y_2)L(x_2,y_2).其中D_1={(a,b)∈R~2:a+b≠0,ba,ω_1(a,b)≤0,ω_2(a,b)≤0},E_1={(a,b)∈R~2:a+b≠0,ba,ω_1(a,b)≤0,ω_2(a,b)≤0},D_2={(a,b)∈R~2:ab≤0,ba,ω_1(a,b)≥0},E_2={(a,b)∈R~2:ab≤0,ba,ω_1(a,b)≥0},D_3={(a,b)∈R~2:ba0,ω_1(a,b)0)∪{(a,b)∈R~2:ba0,ω_1(a,b)=0,ω_2(a,b)0}∪{(a,b)∈R~2:ba,ab≤0,ω_1(a,b)0,ω_2(a,b)0},E_3={(a,b)∈R~2:ab0,ω_1(a,b)0}∪{(a,b)∈R~2:ab0,ω_1(a,b)=0,ω_2(a,b)0}∪{(a,b)∈R~2:ab,ab≤0,ω_1(a,b)0,ω_2(a,b)0},L_0={(a,b)∈R~2:a=b≠0},ω_1(a,b)=(a+b)[3(a-b)~2-(a+b)],ω_2(a,b)=(a+b)[2(a-b)~2+1]-3(a~2+b~2).     

早期干预对极低出生体重早产儿智能发育的影响研究

目的 探讨早期干预对极低出生体重早产儿智能发育的影响,为极低出生体重早产儿的早期干预提供依据。方法 239 例极低出生体重早产儿为早产随访组,采用鲍秀兰早期教育资料制定的干预计划,进行系统干预,并与326 例失访的早产儿童以及与随访组相似的326 例正常儿童进行对照分析。采用Gesell 儿童发育量表等标准化工具进行发育评估。结果 早产随访组Gesell 儿童发育量表5 项均分、总发育商（developmental quotient,DQ）总分与早产失访组相比差异均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）。结论 早期干预能显著促进极低出生体重早产儿的智能发育,提高患儿的生活质量。     

广义加权极大Morrey空间中次线性算子的有界性质

该文给出定义在R~n上的一类广义加权极大Morrey空间.证明一类次线性算子,包括分数次积分算子,在该类空间中的有界性质.同时还研究该类次线性算子的交换子在广义加权极大Morrey空间中的有界性质.     

Predicting Polymorphism of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes by Their Morphologies

Although electrospinning of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been studied for more than 10 years, the crystalline phase differentiation of the electrospun mats is still normally through the combination of different characterization techniques, and the relationship between polymorphism and morphology of the fibers in electrospun PVDF membranes has never been reported. Here, we show their close relationships by conducting room-temperature electrospinning experiments on various polymer/solvent systems. The electrospun membranes full of bead-free fibers have a very high fraction of β-phase, F(β), over 90%, and high orientation, whereas the membranes comprising beads and/or a large number of beaded fibers most often result in a low fraction of β-phase (F(β) normally below 50%) and low orientation. On the other hand, electrospun membranes consisting of both bead-free fibers and a very limited number of beaded fibers showed a medium high fraction of β-phase, F(β) more than 70% but less than 90%. These findings suggest the feasibility of intuitively predicting the crystalline phase of electrospun PVDF membranes directly by their morphologies, which is obviously simple, inexpensive and convenient for future investigations.     

Bi-f-harmonic map equations on singly warped product manifolds

Bi-f-harmonic maps are the critical points of bi-f-energy functional. This class of maps tends to integrate bi-harmonic maps and f-harmonic maps. In this paper, we show that bi-f-harmonic maps are not only an extension of f-harmonic maps but also an extension of bi-harmonic maps, and that there should exist many examples of proper bi-f-harmonic maps.In order to find some concrete examples of proper bi-f-harmonic maps, we study the basic properties of bi-f-harmonic maps from two directions which are conformal maps between the same dimensional manifolds and some special maps from or into a warped product manifold.     

Self-Assembly of Trisiloxane-Tailed Sugar Surfactant in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

A lactobionamide-based trisiloxane surfactant (Si3N2–LA) was prepared via a two-step method. Structure characterization of Si3N2–LA was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR). Surface activity and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution of Si3N2–LA were investigated by surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and negative-stained transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the surfactants can self-assemble into spherical vesicles with diameters in the range from 50 to 150 nm due to the introduction of trisiloxane tail.     

A Novel Reduction of Azides to Amines with Tellurium Metal in Near-Critical Water

Tellurium metal in near-critical water (275°;C) provides a novel and efficient method for the reduction of azides, producing amines in good yields.     

Gas-Phase Reactivity of Peptide Thiyl (RS•), Perthiyl (RSS•), and Sulfinyl (RSO•) Radical Ions Formed from Atmospheric Pressure Ion/Radical Reactions

In this study, we demonstrated the formation of gas-phase peptide perthiyl (RSS?) and thiyl (RS?) radical ions besides sulfinyl radical (RSO?) ions from atmospheric pressure (AP) ion/radical reactions of peptides containing inter-chain disulfide bonds. The identity of perthiyl radical was verified from characteristic 65 Da (?SSH) loss in collision-induced dissociation (CID). This signature loss was further used to assess the purity of peptide perthiyl radical ions formed from AP ion/radical reactions. Ion/molecule reactions combined with CID were carried out to confirm the formation of thiyl radical. Transmission mode ion/molecule reactions in collision cell (q2) were developed as a fast means to estimate the population of peptide thiyl radical ions. The reactivity of peptide thiyl, perthiyl, and sulfinyl radical ions was evaluated based on ion/molecule reactions toward organic disulfides, allyl iodide, organic thiol, and oxygen, which followed in order of thiyl (RS?) > perthiyl (RSS?) > sulfinyl (RSO?). The gas-phase reactivity of these three types of sulfur-based radicals is consistent with literature reports from solution studies.      

Preparation and Characterization of Linear and Miktoarm Star Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline block Copolymers with p-Methoxyazobenzene Moieties via a Combination of ATRP and ROP

One linear and two miktoarm star side-chain liquid crystalline (LC) block copolymers with p-methoxyazobenzene moieties were prepared by a combination of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques. First, ROPs of ε -caprolactone (ε -CL) were carried out catalyzed by Sn(Oct)₂ using three multifunctional initiators, hydroxyethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (AB type), 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate (A₂B type) and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate) (A₂B₂ type), at 110°C in toluene, respectively. Second, the previously obtained poly(ε -caprolactone)s (PCLs) with bromines functionalities were used as the macroinitiators to conduct ATRP of 6-(4-methoxy-4-oxy-azobenzene) hexyl methacrylate (MMAZO) with CuBr/PMDETA as the catalyst systems at 85°C in anisole to prepare the linear and miktoarm side-chain LC block copolymers (PCL-b-PMMAZO, (PCL)₂-(PMMAZO) and (PCL)₂-(PMMAZO)₂). The produced polymers were well-controlled with the controlled molecular weights and the relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (M _w/M _n ≤ 1.35). The structures of the obtained polymers were all characterized by NMR, FT-IR and GPC analysis. Furthermore, the LC properties of the linear and miktoarm star block copolymers were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal polarized optical microscopy (POM).