Synthesis and spectropolarimetric behavior of α-phenylethylamides of indolecarboxylic acids

Optically active amides of 2- and 3-indolecarboxylic acids are synthesized, and their rotary dispersion plots obtained.     

The chemistry of indole

The possibility of an electrophilic substitution reaction in the lilolidene series is shown. It is established that, when 2, 3-dimethyl-1, 7-trimethyleneindole (9, 10-dimethyl-9-lilolidene) is nitrated, the main product is the 5-nitro derivative with some of the 6-nitro isomer. The structure of the compounds obtained is established by the combined use of UV and NMR spectra. The conditions for the dehydrogenation of lilodines to lilolidenes are found. It is shown that the indoline system is dehydrogenated more readily than the tetrahydroquinoline system. The nitro compounds obtained are reduced to the corresponding amines by hydrazine hydrate in the presence of Raney nickel.     

Causes of the damage created by laser pulses in transparent polymers

The characteristics of the damage created in PMM, PS, and PC specimens by multiple irradiation are discussed. It is shown that, in addition to the growth of the damage zone, the processes of crack development that determine this zone are also important. The damage created in PMM when the laser beam is interrupted by a cylindrical cavity is considered. In this case, the cavity acts as a diverging lens and the damage beyond it is determined by the scattered flux. The damage produced in specimens of different shapes is investigated. A model is proposed for crack development in a polymer irradiated by a powerful flux. The model is consistent with most of the known experimental facts.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 1035–1042, 1967     

Chemistry of indole

The nitration of indoles containing donor substituents in the 5- and 7-positions in strongly acidic media involves the protonated form and gives primarily compounds with a nitro group in the 6-position. The structures of the products were proved by PMR, UV, and mass spectrometry.     

The relativistic semigroup,the Lorentz group,and tachyons. III

The construction of a linear, isomorphic, bounded realization of a tachyon semigroup (TSG) is carried out on a dual pair of space-times in which the sought realization by a parametric group is a semigroup of relativistic endomorphisms. The found relativistic semigroup of dual space-time transformations possesses definite probability-theoretical properties.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, July, 1977.The author is indebted to D. D. Ivanenko for his discussion, attention, and support.     

Entropic measure of the order-disorder character in lattice systems in the representation of coordination Cayley tree graphs

We systematically expound the infodynamical method for analyzing lattice and grid systems. We establish the logic and algorithm for mapping given objects to coordination Cayley tree graphs and present their main properties. Tree graphs of grid systems are complicated objects, and the principle of cluster-type simplicial decomposition can be used to study them. Based on a simplicial decomposition, we construct the enumerating structures, from which we construct entropy-type functionals. We pose the percolation problem on Cayley tree graphs in a nonconventional sense, which may be considered for both enumerating structures and their entropies. The corresponding entropy percolational dependences and their critical indices can be considered sufficiently universal measures of order in lattice systems. The simpliciality also implies an analogy with the fractality principle. We introduce three types of fractal characteristics and give analytic expressions for fractal dimensions for the tangential and streamer representations and for the Mandelbrot shell.