Reaction pathways of the formation of molecular products upon dissolution of γ-irradiated lactose crystals

Molecular products formed upon the dissolution of γ-irradiated crystalline lactose in water were identified using UV spectroscopy, HPLC, and chemical analysis. The effects of the storage time of irradiated lactose crystals, the pH of the solvent, and the presence of oxygen in the solvent on the composition of the final solutions of this carbohydrate were studied. It was found that a portion of molecular products resulted from post-radiation radical reactions in the crystals, whereas the other portion was formed in the course of dissolution of the solid samples.     

Random Walks on Planar Crystallographic Groups

For the example of the group G = pgg generated by two orthogonal gliding symmetries, we calculate the generating matrix. For the same example, we reduce the property of random walks on planar crystallographic groups to the local behavior of the resolvent. Bibliography: 8 titles.     

Polar properties of Langmuir-Blodgett films of copper phthalocyanines

Langmuir-Blodgett films of amphiphilic copper phthalocyanines are obtained. The Stark effect spectra and the spectra of pyro-and photosensitivity of these films are investigated. The following molecular parameters are determined: changes in the polarizability and the dipole moment for individual absorption bands in the Langmuir-Blodgett films and in an isotropic polymer solution. It is shown that the films obtained have photosensitivity due to the charge transfer in the spectral range 600–900 nm. The pyroelectric effect was observed, which indicates that the films have a polar structure.     

Perturbation theory modernization for investigating the beam-cavity interaction

Institute of Radio Science, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 33, No. 7, pp. 832–840, July, 1990.     

Synthesis of isomeric pyrroloquinolines from 5- and 6-aminoindoles

In the case of 2,3-dimethyl-, 2-methyl-, and 2,3,6-trimethyl-5-aminoindoles, as well as 2,3-dimethyl- and 1,2,3-trimethyl-6-aminoindoles, it was shown that the enamino ketones formed in the reaction of 5- or 6-aminoindoles with 1,3-diketones undergo cyclization under the influence of acidic agents to substituted pyrroloquinolines with linear or angular ring fusion. The formation of the latter is limited by steric factors. Thus, the pronounced ortho effect of a substituent attached to the C atom (in the pyrrole ring) or 5-indolylaminovinyl ketones substantially hinders cyclization in the 4 position of the indole and promotes primary or exclusive formation of the linear isomer. Similarly, in the case of enamino ketones obtained from 6-aminoindoles, the substituent attached to the pyrrole nitrogen atom sterically hinders electrophilic attack at C₇, i.e., formation of the angular isomer.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 770–776, June, 1977.