Prenylated Benzene Metabolites from Melicope pteleifolia

Chemical investigation on the stem and root of Melicope pteleifolia afforded three new prenylated benzene metabolites as racemic mixtures, named pteleifolins A–C ( 1 – 3 , resp.). Their gross structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D‐NMR experiments. An enantiomer resolution of (±)‐ 1 using chiral HPLC was performed, and the absolute configuration of the enantiomers were determined to be (+)‐(S)‐ 1 and (?)‐(R)‐ 1 by means of circular‐dichroism analysis.     

膨胀石墨负载钯纳米颗粒催化六价铬还原反应

采用高分子辅助的浸渍还原法,制备得到膨胀石墨(EG)负载的纳米钯催化剂(Pd-EG),采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂组成、结构、形貌和价态进行了表征,并考察了Pd-EG催化剂在六价铬还原反应中的活性.结果表明,催化剂中纳米钯颗粒均匀分散在膨胀石墨上,平均粒径为4.37 nm,金属负载量质量分数为0.446%.该催化剂对六价铬还原反应具有良好的催化性能,可将六价铬完全转化为三价铬,在pH=4.0及45℃条件下反应转化频率(TOF)达到3186 h-1;催化剂经过多次重复使用后的活性仍保持稳定.     

Interference of a four-hole aperture for on-chip quantitative two-dimensional differential phase imaging

We present a novel on-chip method for quantitative two-dimensional differential phase imaging. This technique uses four circular holes (600 nm diameter, 1.2 mum spacing) arranged in a 'plus' pattern that are fabricated in a layer of metal above a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imaging sensor. The interference pattern of the aperture shifts position with respect to the differential phase of the incident light. By imaging the interference pattern with the CMOS sensor, this method measures amplitude and differential phase (1 degrees /microm sensitivity for signal-to-noise ratio >/=16 dB) of the incident light field simultaneously. An application to optical beam profiling is presented; we show the amplitude and differential phase profiles of a Gaussian laser beam and an optical vortex.     

一种新的六氢喹啉衍生物的NMR研究

应用¹H NMR,¹³C NMR,DEPT,¹H-¹H COSY,HSQC,HMBC等多种NMR实验测试分析方法,确证了一种新的六氢喹啉衍生物2,7,7-三甲基-4-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基）苯基-5-氧代-1,4,5,6,7,8-六氢喹啉-3-羧酸甲酯的结构,并对它的¹H、¹³C信号进行了归属.     

Dyeing behavior and mechanism of Crocein Orange G on carboxymethyl cotton fabric

Cellulose - Traditional cotton fiber dyeing requires an abundance of salt, which leads to environmental pollution. Consequently, decreasing or eliminating the use of salt has become the primary...     

Hexafluoroantimonic Acid Catalysis: Formal [3+2+2] Cycloaddition of Aziridines with Two Alkynes

A practical method for the synthesis of azepine derivatives, a typical seven‐membered heterocyclic ring system, was developed and involves the use of hexafluoroantimonic acid to catalyze a formal [3+2+2] cycloaddition of aziridines with two alkynes. This method was applicable to two of the same or different terminal alkynes for the [3+2+2] cycloaddition with unactivated aziridines, and furnished the corresponding azepine derivatives in good yields with good levels of chemo‐ and regioselectivity. The mechanism was also discussed according to the results of the in situ HRMS and ¹H NMR analysis.     

Cross-Module Enoylreduction in the Azalomycin F Polyketide Synthase

The colinearity of canonical modular polyketide synthases, which creates a direct link between multienzyme structure and the chemical structure of the biosynthetic end-product, has become a cornerstone of knowledge-based genome mining. Herein, we report genetic and enzymatic evidence for the remarkable role of an enoylreductase in the polyketide synthase for azalomycin F biosynthesis. This internal enoylreductase domain, previously identified as acting only in the second of two chain extension cycles on an initial iterative module, is shown to also catalyze enoylreduction in trans within the next module. The mechanism for this rare deviation from colinearity appears to involve direct cross-modular interaction of the reductase with the longer acyl chain, rather than back transfer of the substrate into the iterative module, suggesting an additional and surprising plasticity in natural PKS assembly-line catalysis.     

硝酸根接枝诱导组装金红石相TiO2纳米束以增强光催化产氢（英文）

化石燃料的快速消耗加速了全球能源危机和环境污染等问题.光催化产氢直接利用清洁和可持续的太阳能实现向化学燃料的转化,因而成为一种有前景的技术.众多半导体光催化剂中,二氧化钛因其高光催化活性、稳定的化学性质、低成本和无毒等优势而被广泛用作分解水产氢的光催化剂.最近,金红石相TiO2纳米晶体在某些情况下被证明具有光催化的潜力,然而其光生电子-空穴对的快速复合显著抑制了光催化效率.表面修饰、构建异质结和负载助催化剂等策略被用来提高光生载流子的分离效率以减少复合损失,从而提升光催化活性.由于光催化反应通常发生在光催化剂的表面活性位点上,因此通过改善表面性质改变电荷转移途径对光催化活性具有重要影响.磷酸、硫酸、硼酸和盐酸等无机酸的修饰可以改变光催化剂的表面基团,分别通过促进表面羟基的形成和氧气的吸附以及改变表面电荷性质更有效地捕获空穴,实现光生电子和空穴的分离,有助于光催化降解有机污染物.然而,这种影响机制显然不适用于光催化产氢体系,目前对无机酸修饰用于分解水产氢的研究鲜有报道.因此,通过酸改性策略制备高效产氢的光催化剂仍然是一个相当大的挑战.本文利用硝酸诱导策略合成纺锤状金红石相二氧化钛纳米束(R-TiO2).首先,制备层状质子化钛酸盐(LPT)作为TiO2的前体,随后,加入浓硝酸以诱导向金红石相TiO2的转变,并组装形成纺锤状纳米束.对照实验显示,硝酸的酸化可以诱导LPT向金红石相TiO2的转变,而相同条件下浓硝酸后处理不会引起晶相的转变.纺锤形纳米束的形成源于,硝酸诱导R-TiO2沿(110)方向生长并彼此粘附,硝酸诱导组装过程成功在TiO2表面修饰上硝酸根,同时扩大了光吸收范围,有效减少了电荷复合损失.光催化产氢测试证明了R-TiO2光催化剂具有高效的产氢性能,产氢速率为402.4μmol h-1,是Degussa P25的3.1倍,并且显著高于未经浓硝酸处理的锐钛矿(52.0μmol h^-1)或金红石相(110.8μmol h^-1)光催化剂.为了说明表面硝酸根的影响,分别从晶体和化学结构、形态以及表面电荷性质方面比较了光催化反应前后的变化,结果表明,R-TiO2增强的光催化效率可归因于硝酸根基团的负场效应,有利于在表面上捕获带正电的质子以促进载流子分离,提高光催化产氢的效率.总之,本工作不仅对于发展表面修饰策略制备高效产氢光催化剂的研究具有重要意义,而且提出了一种不同于文献报道的无机酸影响机制.     

碱金属无机酸盐催化的硫醇的β-羟乙基化反应

在常压、无溶剂、120℃条件下,考察了14种碱金属无机酸盐(MA,M=Li^+,Na^+,K^+)催化正辛硫醇与碳酸乙烯酯的S-羟乙基化反应性能。普遍的规律是:在阴离子A相同的情况下,钾盐的催化活性高于相应的钠盐,而锂盐无催化活性。在各种无机酸钾盐中,如果共轭酸酸性越强,则相应的钾盐的催化活性越低。为探究钾盐催化剂活化-SH的机理的普适性,以K_3PO_4为催化剂,考察了在不同反应温度下,6种不同结构的硫醇与碳酸乙烯酯的β-羟乙基化反应催化活性,得出规律是硫醇的酸性越强,其反应活性越高,S-H键越容易解离。该反应无溶剂参与,硫醇与碳酸乙烯酯的物质的量之比接近理论量,产物β-羟乙基硫醚的选择性>99%,产物中无卤素盐副产物生成,易于分离。