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排序方式: 共有910条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Ewa Grela Michael Stich Amit K Chattopadhyay 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2018,91(11):267
This is an epidemiological SIRV model based study that is designed to analyze the impact of vaccination in containing infection spread, in a 4-tiered population compartment comprised of susceptible, infected, recovered and vaccinated agents. While many models assume a lifelong protection through vaccination, we focus on the impact of waning immunization due to conversion of vaccinated and recovered agents back to susceptible ones. Two asymptotic states exist, the “disease-free equilibrium” and the “endemic equilibrium” and we express the transitions between these states as function of the vaccination and conversion rates and using the basic reproduction number. We find that the vaccination of newborns and adults have different consequences on controlling an epidemic. Also, a decaying disease protection within the recovered sub-population is not sufficient to trigger an epidemic at the linear level. We perform simulations for a parameter set mimicking a disease with waning immunization like pertussis. For a diffusively coupled population, a transition to the endemic state can proceed via the propagation of a traveling infection wave, described successfully within a Fisher-Kolmogorov framework. 相似文献
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33.
Rajesh Chakraborty Sriparna Chatterjee Pabitra Chattopadhyay 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,299(3):1565-1570
Nanocomposite titanium-phosphate (TiP) of different sizes was synthesized using Triton X-100 (polyethylene glycol-p-isooctylphenyl ether) surfactant. The materials were characterized by FTIR and powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD). The structural and morphological details of the material were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The SEM study was followed by energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis for elemental analysis of the sample. The important peaks of the XRD spectra were analyzed to determine the probable composition of the material. The average size distribution of the particles was determined by dynamic light scattering method. Ion exchange capacity was measured for different metal ions with sizes of the TiP nanocomposite and size-dependent ion exchange property of the material was investigated thoroughly. The nanomaterial of the smallest size of around 43 nm was employed to separate carrier-free 137mBa from 137Cs in column chromatographic technique using 1.0 M HNO3 as eluting agent at pH 5. 相似文献
34.
Ray A Chattopadhyay S Bhattacharya S 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2011,79(5):1435-1442
The photo-physical aspects of non-covalently linked assemblies of a series of fullerenes, namely, C60, C70, tert-butyl-(1,2-methanofullerene)-61-carboxylate (1) and [6,6]-phenyl C70 butyric acid methyl ester (2) with a designed zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), viz., zinc-1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (3) in toluene medium are studied employing absorption spectrophotometric, steady state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopic measurements. Of central interest in these investigations is the preferential binding of various fullerenes with ZnPc in toluene. The ground state interaction between fullerenes and 3 is first evidenced from UV-Vis measurements. Steady state fluorescence experiment reveals efficient quenching of the excited singlet state of 3 in presence of both underivatized and derivatized fullerenes. K values for the complexes of C60, C70, 1 and 2 with 3 are determined to be 6500, 22,230, 47,800 and 54,770 dm3 mol(-1), respectively. The magnitude of K suggests that 3 preferentially binds C70 and derivatized C70 in comparison to C60 and 1. Time resolved emission measurements establish that C(70)-3 and 2-3 complexes are stabilized much more in comparison to C(60)-3 and 1-3 systems in terms of charge separation process. Semi empirical calculations employing third parametric method substantiate the strong binding of C70 and its derivative with 3 in terms of heat of formation values of the respective complexes, and at the same time, determine the orientation of bound guest (here fullerenes) with the molecular plane of 3. 相似文献
35.
Abstract— Triplet-and singlet-related photoprocesses of pyrene-1-aldehyde (PA) in various solvents have been investigated in detail using 337.1 and 355 nm laser flash photolysis in conjunction with time-correlated determination of fluorescence lifetimes (τF ) and steady-state photochemical and absorption-emission spectral measurements. In benzene, the lowest triplet of PA (43 < ET < 46 kcal/mol) has a lifetime of about 50 µs (τT ) and displays the absorption maximum at 443 nm with a maximum extinction coefficient (εmax ) of 21000 M -1 cm-1 ; the corresponding ketyl radical has a sharp absorption maximum at 428 nm (εmax ≥ 25000 M -1 cm-1 ). The quantum yields (φT ) of lowest triplet occupation are high in nonprotic solvents (0.6–0.8), decrease in protic solvents (alcohols) as the polarity of the latter is increased, and maintain a complementary relationship with the quantum yields (φF ) of fluorescence. Quantum yields (φPC ) of loss of PA due to photoreactions in some solvents have also been determined under conditions of steady irradiation at 366 nm; φPC is in the range 0.1–0.2 in electron-rich olefinic solvents such as cyclohexene and tetramethylethylene. These results concerning τF , τT , φF . φT and φPC as well as the effects of 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene and 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene as quenchers for fluorescence, triplet yield, and photochemistry are discussed in the light of possible state orders for PA in polar and nonpolar environments. 相似文献
36.
Steady-state fluorometric studies have been performed on 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylbenzoyl)-1,5-diphenylpyrrole (HMBDPP) in aqueous and aqueous β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) environments at ambient temperature. The fluorophore mostly shows a single emission in aqueous solution. Addition of β-CD to the aqueous solution of the fluorophore results in the development of another emission band at higher energy. The difference in the fluorometric behaviour is assigned to a remarkable change in the polarity of the microenvironment within the supramolecular structural environment compared to that of the bulk aqueous phase. Semi-empirical calculation (AM1-SCI) rules out the possibility of intramolecular proton transfer reaction in any of the S0, S1 and T1 states of the fluorophore. It is proposed that HMBDPP exists mostly in the intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded form (open conformer) in aqueous solution while within β-CD environment, it is the intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded form (closed conformer) that predominates. 相似文献
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38.
A route for bulk separation of semiconducting from metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Chattopadhyay D Galeska I Papadimitrakopoulos F 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(11):3370-3375
Substantial separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) according to type (metallic versus semiconducting) has been achieved for HiPco and laser-ablated SWNTs. We presently argue that stable dispersions of SWNTs with octadecylamine (ODA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) originate from the physisorption and organization of ODA along the SWNT sidewalls in addition to the originally proposed zwitterion model. Furthermore, the reported affinity of amine groups for semiconducting SWNTs, as opposed to their metallic counterparts, contributes additional stability to the physisorbed ODA. This provides a venue for the selective precipitation of metallic SWNTs upon increasing dispersion concentration, as indicated by Raman investigations. 相似文献
39.
Phase diagram, crystal chemistry and thermoelectric properties of compounds in the Ca-Co-Zn-O system
W. Wong-Ng T. Luo W.H. Tang Q. Huang S. Chattopadhyay T. Tritt 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2011,184(8):2159-2166
In the Ca-Co-Zn-O system, we have determined the tie-line relationships and the thermoelectric properties, solid solution limits, and structures of two low-dimensional cobaltite series, Ca3(Co, Zn)4O9−z and Ca3(Co,Zn)2O6−z at 885 °C in air. In Ca3(Co,Zn)4O9−z, which has a misfit layered structure, Zn was found to substitute in the Co site to a limit of Ca3(Co3.8Zn0.2)O9−z. The compound Ca3(Co,Zn)2O6−z (n=1 member of the homologous series, Can+2(Co,Zn)n(Co,Zn)′O3n+3−z) consists of one-dimensional parallel (Co,Zn)2O66− chains that are built from successive alternating face-sharing (Co,Zn)O6 trigonal prisms and ‘n’ units of (Co,Zn)O6 octahedra along the hexagonal c-axis. Zn substitutes in the Co site of Ca3Co2O6 to a small amount of approximately Ca3(Co1.95Zn0.05)O6−z. In the ZnO-CoOz system, Zn substitutes in the tetrahedral Co site of Co3O4 to the maximum amount of (Co2.49Zn0.51)O4−z and Co substitutes in the Zn site of ZnO to (Zn0.94Co0.06)O. The crystal structures of (Co2.7Zn0.3)O4−z, (Zn0.94Co0.06)O, and Ca3(Co1.95 Zn0.05)O6−z are described. Despite the Ca3(Co, Zn)2O6−z series having reasonably high Seebeck coefficients and relatively low thermal conductivity, the electrical resistivity values of its members are too high to achieve high figure of merit, ZT. 相似文献
40.
Jasmin Sultana Nageshwar D. Khupse Srijita Chakrabarti Pronobesh Chattopadhyay Diganta Sarma 《Tetrahedron letters》2019,60(16):1117-1121
Using catalytic amount of Ag2CO3 a simple, efficient and copper free green protocol has been developed to synthesize 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles regioselectively. Here, the cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl) in water provides a micellar media and accelerates the subsequent Ag(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AgAAC) reaction by increasing the concentration of reactants in the micellar pseudophase. Our method is found to be environmentally friendly from E-factor measurement. The surfactant, CPyCl is found to be nontoxic. 相似文献