Simultaneous determination of metal ions as complexes of pentamethylene dithiocarbamate in Indus river water,Pakistan

River water samples before and after mixing with industrial effluents were collected at an interval of 4 weeks for one year and analyzed for simultaneous determination of Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺and Co²⁺ after preconcentration using pentamethylene dithiocarbamate (PMDTC) as derivatizing reagent and subsequent solvent extraction by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The average levels (n = 12) of metal ions were found in the range of 14.2–542 μg/L. The results were then compared with a standard flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method revealed no significant differences.     

Synthesis and structural studies on bivalent metal complexes of benzenesulphonylhydrazine

Summary Benzenesulphonylhydrazine (HB) reacts with bivalent metal ions either in the keto-or enol forms. The complexes have been characterized by spectral (u.v., i.r., n.m.r.,), magnetic and thermal (d.t.a., d.t.g, t.g., d.s.c.) measurements. I.r. spectra suggest that HB is monodentate coordinatingvia NH or NH₂, depending on the medium of the reaction. The participation of the O=S=O group in bondingvia bridge-formation in a polymeric chain is also considered. The substitution of ethanol in the Co^II complex, [(CoB₂EtOH)_n], by H₂O, pyridine or acetonitrile was also investigated.     

Gold nanoparticles deposited on mesoporous carbon as a solid-phase sorbent with enhanced extraction capacity and selectivity for anilines

Microchimica Acta - Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were in-situ deposited onto the ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) to function as a novel SPME coating. The specific area, pore volumes and average pore...     

Heterodiene synthesis. Synthesis of fused thiopyrano [2,3-d]thiazole,Benzopyrano[3′,4′:4,5]thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazole and thiazolo[3,4-c]triazine derivative

5-Salicylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dithione ( 1 ) reacts with acrylonitrile, N-phenylmaleimide and dimethyl acet-ylenedicarboxylate to afford the fused thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazolidinethione derivatives 2, 4 and 6 , respectively. The salicylidene derivative 1 reacts with ethyl acrylate and malononitrile to afford the fused [1]benzopyrano[3′,4′:4,5]thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles 3 and 9 , respectively. 4-Phenylhydrazono-2-thiazolidinethione ( 11 ) reacts with ethyl bromoacetate and/or phenacyl bromide to yield the fused thiazolo[3,4-c]triazines 13 and 14.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new C‐furyl glycosides bearing substituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles

New 2,5‐disubstituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives bearing C‐furyl glycoside moieties and their sugar hydrazone as well as their per‐O‐acetyl derivatives were synthesized starting from ethyl 2‐[5‐(3,4‐dihydroxytetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl)‐2‐methylfuran‐3‐yl]‐2‐oxoacetate. Heterocyclization of the sugar hydrazones using acetic anhydride afforded the corresponding oxadiazoline acyclic C‐nucleosides. The antimicrobial activity evaluation showed that many of the synthesized compounds revealed moderate to high antimicrobial activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011)     

Intramolecular 4+2 cycloaddition of thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazines: routes towards condensed thieno[2,3-b]pyridines

Synthetic approaches towards new condensed thienopyridine ring systems including furo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridines, bisthieno[2,3-b:3′,2′-e]pyridines, 5H-chromeno[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridines, 5H-benzo(f)chromeno[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridines have been achieved by application of intramolecular 4+2 cycloaddition reactions of suitably designed thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazines tethered with alkene or alkyne terminals.     

Chromate de 2,2‐diméthylpropylènediammonium

The crystal structure of the title compound, 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediammonium chromate, (C₅H₁₆N₂)[CrO₄], consists of layers built up from CrO₄^2? tetrahedra alternating with diprotonated 2,2‐dimethylpropylendiamine molecules. N—H?O hydrogen bonds ensure the cohesion and stability of the structure.     

Biochemical Reactions and Their Biological Contributions in Honey

Honey is known for its content of biomolecules, such as enzymes. The enzymes of honey originate from bees, plant nectars, secretions or excretions of plant-sucking insects, or from microorganisms such as yeasts. Honey can be characterized by enzyme-catalyzed and non-enzymatic reactions. Notable examples of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are the production of hydrogen peroxide through glucose oxidase activity and the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen by catalase enzymes. Production of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from glucose or fructose is an example of non-enzymatic reactions in honey.     

Exploring the Phytochemicals and Anti-Cancer Potential of the Members of Fabaceae Family: A Comprehensive Review

Cancer is the second-ranked disease and a cause of death for millions of people around the world despite many kinds of available treatments. Phytochemicals are considered a vital source of cancer-inhibiting drugs and utilize specific mechanisms including carcinogen inactivation, the induction of cell cycle arrest, anti-oxidant stress, apoptosis, and regulation of the immune system. Family Fabaceae is the second most diverse family in the plant kingdom, and species of the family are widely distributed across the world. The species of the Fabaceae family are rich in phytochemicals (flavonoids, lectins, saponins, alkaloids, carotenoids, and phenolic acids), which exhibit a variety of health benefits, especially anti-cancer properties; therefore, exploration of the phytochemicals present in various members of this family is crucial. These phytochemicals of the Fabaceae family have not been explored in a better way yet; therefore, this review is an effort to summarize all the possible information related to the phytochemical status of the Fabaceae family and their anti-cancer properties. Moreover, various research gaps have been identified with directions for future research.     

Comparative Assessment of Phytoconstituents,Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Analysis of Different Parts of Milk Thistle Silybum marianum L.

Silybum marianum L. is a therapeutic plant belonging to the family Asteraceae, which has exhibited silymarin, a principal component used to cure various physiochemical disorders. The study appraised the phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity and chemical analysis of an extract from the seed, stem and leaves. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was evaluated by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. While the antioxidant activity was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and acetate buffer in ferric chloride (FRAP) assay, respectively, the chemical profile was evaluated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) assay. The study outcomes identified that alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and catcholic tannins were present in seed, stem and leaves extracts except for saponins and Gallic tannins. Whereas, phenols were absent only in seed extract. Quantitative analysis revealed the presence of phenols and flavonoids in appreciable amounts of 21.79 (GAE/g), 129.66 (QE/g) and 17.29 (GAE/g), 114.29 (QE/g) from the leaves and stem extract, respectively. Similarly, all extracts expressed reasonable DPPH inhibition (IC₅₀) and FRAP reducing power such as 75.98, 72.39 and 63.21% and 46.60, 51.40 and 41.30 mmol/g from the seeds, stem and leaves extract, respectively. Additionally, chemical analysis revealed the existence of 6, 8 and 9 chemical compounds from the seeds, stem and leaves extract, respectively, corresponding to 99.95, 99.96 and 98.89% of the whole extract. The chemical compound, Dibutyl phthalate was reported from all extracts while, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Silane, (1,1-dimethylethyl), dimethyl (phenylmethoxy) were reported only from the seed and leaves extract. Moreover, Methyl stearate was also a major compound reported from all extracts except for seed extract. It is demonstrable that extracts from different parts of S. marianum possess significant antioxidant activity, as well as valuable chemical compounds accountable for therapeutic effects that might be incorporated as an alternative to synthetic chemical agents.