Synthesis and properties of pyrimidinylalkylsulfonamides 4. Reaction of the Na salt of p-toluenesulfonamide with mono-N-(ω-haloalkyl)uracils

Conclusions The direction of reaction and the composition and yields of products obtained by reaction of the Na salt of p-toluenesulfonamide with N-(-bromoalkyl)uracils depend primarily on the length of the alkyl chain in the latter: When the Na salt of p-toluenesulfonamide reacts with N-(-bromopropyl)-6-methyluracil, the latter undergoes intramolecular cyclization, whereas the Na salt of p-toluenesulfonamide undergoes intermolecular alkylation at the sulfonamide group on reaction with N-(-bromopentyl)-6-methyluracil. In analogous reactions, N-(-bromobutyl)uracils undergo both intramolecular cyclization, followed by opening of the oxazepine ring by nucleophilic reagents, and intermolecular alkylation.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2079–2084, September, 1978.     

On the formation of vortex light beams at the surface photorefractive effect in NLC

The formation of beams with wavefront screw dislocation appeared when circularly polarized light passes through a light-induced orientation defect formed in a homeotropically oriented NLC at the surface photorefractive effect is calculated. NLCs with negative and positive low-frequency dielectric anisotropy are considered. The calculated data are compared with the results of previously performed experiments.     

Small-angle scattering study of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus awamori</Emphasis> glycoprotein glucoamylase

Glucoamylase from fungus Aspergillus awamori is glycoside hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucosidic bonds in glucose polymers and oligomers. This glycoprotein consists of a catalytic domain and a starch-binding domain connected by an O-glycosylated polypeptide chain. The conformation of the linker, the relative arrangement of the domains, and the structure of the full-length enzyme are unknown. The structure of the recombinant glucoamylase GA1 was studied by molecular modelling and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) methods. The experimental SANS data provide evidence that glucoamylase exists as a monomer in solution and contains a glycoside component, which makes a substantial contribution to the scattering. The model of full-length glucoamylase, which was calculated without taking into account the effect of glycosylation, is consistent with the experimental data and has a radius of gyration of 33.4 ± 0.6 Å.     

Ultimate kinematic characteristics of rail electromagnetic launchers with metal armatures in an external magnetic field

This paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the Joule heating of the armature and rails in rail launchers of metal bodies with one or two augmenting rails generating an external magnetic field. The ultimate projectile velocity is calculated under the assumption that the Joule heating of the armature and rails during acceleration does not exceed the melting temperature of the materials of which they are made. It is shown that, with an appropriate choice of the position of the coils generating the augmenting magnetic field with respect to the launcher channel and the current magnitude in them, the heat load on the rails and armature in electromagnetic launchers of solids can be substantially reduced and the ultimate kinematic characteristics of these launchers in crisis-free regimes can be considerably increased.     

Neutron spectrometer based on a proton telescope with electronic collimation of recoil protons

A prototype of a neutron spectrometer based on a gas proportional counter with recoil-proton registration is created at the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (FLNP JINR) in Dubna. The spectrometer is developed to measure the kinetic energy of protons scattered elastically at small angles that are produced by (n, p) reaction in an environment containing hydrogen. The elaborated prototype consists of two cylindrical proportional counters used as cathodes. They are placed in a gas environment with a common centrally situated anode wire. Studies on the characteristics of the neutron spectrometer were conducted using ²⁵²Cf and ²³⁹Pu-Be radioisotope neutron sources. Measurements were made with monoenergetic neutrons produced by the ⁷Li(p, n)⁷Be reaction when a thin lithium target was bombarded with a proton beam from an EG-5 electrostatic accelerator, as well as with neutrons from the reaction D(d, n) ³He with a gas deuterium target.     

Microwave spectroradiometer complex for remote study of the stratosphere thermal structure

We describe a microwave spectroradiometer for thermal sensing of the stratosphere in the molecular oxygen lines located on the slope of a 5-mm band. An uncooled low-noise high-frequency amplifier ensures the device noise temperature 1400 K. The frequency resolution of the used filtering analyzer varies from 0.5 MHz at the center of the line to 15 MHz at its boundary. The through calibration of the spectroradiometer is performed by an electrically controlled noise generator on the basis of the Schottky-barrier diode. The accuracy of the temperature recovery in the altitude range 20–55 km is estimated from the results of surface measurements of the atmospheric emission in the line with a central frequency of 53.0669 GHz. Model calculations based on the Bayesian approach show that the temperature-recovery accuracy no worse than 10 K for the confidence interval 95% can be achieved during an observation period of about half an hour.     

Optical bistability of the director field of the dendrimer-doped nematic liquid crystal

It was found that the second-generation carbosilane dendrimers with statistically distributed terminal aliphatic and azobenzene fragments induce negative orientational nonlinearity in nematic liquid crystals (NLC) (the NLC director turns perpendicular to the light field, decreasing the refractive index of an extraordinary wave). The light-induced Freedericksz transition in planar oriented NLCs is the first-order orientational phase transition characterized by a wide bistability region.     

Compact Energy Storage Device for Electromagnetic Launchers of Solids

Numerical study has been performed to investigate the operating characteristics and modes of an energy storage device based on a pulsed magnetohydrodynamic generator and a step-up transformer with a stored energy of 25 and 50 MJ and a secondary winding current of 250 kA at the final stage of operation. The operating parameters of such storage devices with rail launchers operating in the mode of rapid-fire launching of several projectiles were calculated.