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61.
Banerjee K Dasgupta S Jadhav MR Naik DG Ligon AP Oulkar DP Savant RH Adsule PG 《Journal of AOAC International》2010,93(6):1957-1964
An analytical method is reported for residue analysis of the fungicide meptyldinocap in different fruit matrixes that involves extraction with ethyl acetate, hydrolysis of the residues with ethanolamine, and determination by LC/MS/MS. The method involves extraction of 10 g sample with 10 mL ethyl acetate; evaporation of the ethyl acetate phase to dryness, and subsequent hydrolysis of the residues to 4,6-dinitro-2-(1-methylheptyl) phenol on reaction with 1% ethanolamine. The pH of this hydrolyzed product was neutralized with formic acid and analyzed by LC/MS/MS. The hydrolysis reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the reaction product was spectroscopically confirmed as 2-(1-methylheptyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol. The method offered > 80% recoveries at an LOQ of 10 ng/g for grape and mango, 25 ng/g for pomegranate with intralaboratory Horwitz ratio < 0.5, and measurement uncertainties < 10% at LOQ levels. Considering first-order rate kinetics, activation energy, enthalpy of activation, and entropy of activation varied as solvent > mango > grape > pomegranate. Free energy of activation at 298 K was higher than at 280 K and was similar for solvent and three matrixes at both temperatures. 相似文献
62.
Haladhara Naik Guinyun Kim Ashok Goswami Sarbjit Singh Vijay Kumar Manchanda Devesh Raj Srinivasan Ganesan Young Do Oh Hee-Seock Lee Kyung Sook Kim Man-Woo Lee Moo-Hyun Cho In Soo Ko Won Namkung 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,283(2):439-445
The mass–yield distributions of various fission products have been determined in the 50-, 60- and 70-MeV end point bremsstrahlung induced fission of natPb using off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique in the electron linac at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The mass–yield distributions are symmetric with average mass of 102.34, 102.25 and 102.03 and FWHM of 21, 22 and 23 mass unit, respectively. From the present data and literature data in the 50–85 MeV bremsstrahlung induced fission of 209Bi the following observations were obtained: (i) The average masses of the yield distributions in the 50–85 MeV bremsstrahlung induced fission of natPb and 209Bi are around 102.25 ± 0.25 and 103 ± 0.5, respectively. (ii) The FWHM of the mass–yield distributions increases from about 21 mass units at 50 MeV to 23 mass units at 70–85 MeV, which is explained from the point of increase in multi-chance fission probability with increasing excitation energy. (iii) Within the bremsstrahlung energy range of 50–85 MeV, the role of nuclear structure effect in the mass–yield distribution was observed in the photo-fission of 209Bi, whereas it was not seen in case of natPb. This may be due to the presence of so many isotopes in natPb unlike mono-isotopic 209Bi. 相似文献
63.
A.K. Sharma R.K. Patidar M. Raghuramaiah P.A. Naik P.D. Gupta 《Optics Communications》2011,284(19):4596-4600
A simple technique is presented to generate temporally flat-top shaped laser pulses using electro-optic modulator (Pockels cell). It involves splitting of input laser pulse into two halves of equal intensity and then stacking together with appropriate optical delay to get a temporally flat-top laser pulse. It also allows generation of other pulse shapes by varying the relative intensity, delay, and phase between two halves of the input laser pulse. Temporally flat-top laser pulses of duration ~ 9 ns have been generated using ~ 7 ns duration incident laser pulses from a flash lamp pumped Q-switched Nd:glass laser oscillator. The rise and fall-time of the shaped pulse is limited by speed of electro-optic switch (Pockels cell), which is ~ 2 ns in the present case. 相似文献
64.
Reactions of ·OH/O .? radicals and H‐atoms as well as specific oxidants such as Cl2.? and N3· radicals have been studied with 2‐ and 3‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols (2‐ and 3‐HBA) at various pH using pulse radiolysis technique. At pH 6.8, ·OH radicals were found to react quite fast with both the HBAs (k = 7.8 × 109 dm3 mol?1 s?1 with 2‐HBA and 2 × 109 dm3 mol?1 s?1 with 3‐HBA) mainly by adduct formation and to a minor extent by H‐abstraction from ? CH2OH groups. ·OH‐(HBA) adduct were found to undergo decay to give phenoxyl type radicals in a pH dependent way and it was also very much dependent on buffer‐ion concentrations. It was seen that ·OH‐(2‐HBA) and ·OH‐(3‐HBA) adducts react with HPO42? ions (k = 2.1 × 107 and 2.8 × 107 dm3 mol?1 s?1 at pH 6.8, respectively) giving the phenoxyl type radicals of HBAs. At the same time, this reaction is very much hindered in the presence of H2PO ions indicating the role of phosphate ion concentration in determining the reaction pathway of ·OH adduct decay to final stable product. In the acidic region adducts were found to react with H+ ions. At pH 1, reaction of ·OH radicals with HBAs gave exclusively phenoxyl type radicals. Proportion of the reducing radicals formed by H‐abstraction pathway in ·OH/O .? reactions with HBAs was determined following electron transfer to methyl viologen. H‐atom abstraction is the major pathway in O .? reaction with HBAs compared to ·OH radical reaction. H‐atom reaction with 2‐ and 3‐HBA gave transient species which were found to transfer electron to methyl viologen quantitatively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
65.
Sonochemical oxidation of benzyl alcohols into corresponding aldehydes by FeCl(3)/HNO(3) in acetone at room temperature has been reported. All substrates give good yield of the products within 10-25 min. The reaction of selected substrates were also studied under reflux and at the room temperature. Further, various Lewis acids were used to evaluate their catalytic efficacy. 相似文献
66.
H. Naik P. M. Prajapati S. V. Suryanarayana P. N. Pathak D. R. Prabhu V. Chavan D. Raj P. C. Kalsi A. Goswami S. Ganesan V. K. Manchanda 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2011,47(8):1-5
The νp process is a primary nucleosynthesis process which occurs in core-collapse supernovae. An essential role in this process is being played by electron antineutrinos. They generate, by absorption on protons, a supply of neutrons which, by (n, p) reactions, allow to overcome waiting point nuclei with rather long beta-decay and proton-capture lifetimes. The synthesis of heavy elements by the νp process depends sensitively on the $\bar \nu _e$ luminosity and spectrum. As has been shown recently, the latter are affected by collective neutrino flavor oscillations which can swap the $\bar \nu _e$ and $\bar \nu _{\mu ,\tau }$ spectra above a certain split energy. Assuming such a swap scenario, we have studied the impact of collective neutrino flavor oscillations on the νp-process nucleosynthesis. Our results show that the production of light p-nuclei up to mass number A = 108 is very sensitive to collective neutrino oscillations. 相似文献
67.
S. B. Hosur L. R. Naik N. M. Badiger 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2011,62(2):155-161
Low energy external bremsstrahlung (EB) photons were used to estimate the K shell photoelectric parameters; the K shell photoelectric
cross section at the K edge, the K shell binding energy, the K shell jump ratio, the K shell jump factors, the Davisson-Kirchner
ratio and the K shell oscillator strength for dysprosium (Dy), ytterbium (Yb) and tungsten (W) atoms. The EB photons are produced
in the nickel (Ni) target by using the beta particles from a weak beta source of 90Sr–90Y. These photons are made to fall on these elemental targets of our interest and the transmitted spectrum is measured using
GMX 10P HPGe detector coupled to an 8K multichannel analyzer. The sharp decrease at the K edge in the measured spectrum is
used to determine the K shell photoelectric parameters of these elements. The experimental results are in good agreement with
the theoretical values. 相似文献
68.
X. Ni G. V. Naik A. V. Kildishev Y. Barnakov A. Boltasseva V. M. Shalaev 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2011,103(3):553-558
Spontaneous emission patterns of electric and magnetic dipoles on different metallic surfaces and a hyperbolic metamaterial
(HMM) surface were simulated using the dyadic Green’s function technique. The theoretical approach was verified by experimental
results obtained by measuring angular-dependent emission spectra of europium ions on top of different films. The results show
the modified behavior of electric and magnetic dipoles on metallic and HMM surfaces. The results of numerical calculations
agree well with experimental data. 相似文献
69.
Visarath In Patrick LonghiniAndy Kho Norman LiuSuketu Naik Antonio PalaciosJoseph D. Neff 《Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena》2011,240(8):701-708
A novel coupling scheme using M≥2 arrays of coupled nonlinear elements arranged in a specific configuration can produce multifrequency patterns or a frequency down-converting effect on an external (input) signal. In such a configuration, each array contains N≥3 nonlinear elements with similar dynamics and each element is coupled unidirectionally within the array. The subsequent arrays in the cascade are coupled in a similar fashion except that the coupling direction is arranged in the opposite direction with respect to that of the preceding array. Previous theoretical work and numerical results have already been reported in [P. Longhini, A. Palacios, V. In, J. Neff, A. Kho, A. Bulsara, Exploiting dynamical symmetry in coupled nonlinear elements for efficient frequency down-conversion, Phys. Rev. E 76 (2007) 026201]. This paper is focused on results of experiments implemented on two distinct systems: the first system is fabricated using discrete component circuits to approximate an overdamped bistable Duffing oscillator described by a quartic potential system, and the second system is built in a microcircuit, where the nonlinearity is described by a hyperbolic tangent function, with the option of applying an external signal to investigate resonant effects. In particular, the circuit implementations for each case use M=2 arrays, but their voltage oscillations already demonstrate that the frequency relations between each of the successive arrays decrease by a rational factor, conforming to earlier theoretical and numerical results for the general case containing M arrays. This behavior is important for efficient frequency down-converting applications which are essential in many communication systems where heterodyning is typically used and it involves multi-step processes with complicated circuitry. 相似文献
70.
We present an efficient implementation of the proper (in vivo) outlet boundary conditions in detailed, three‐dimensional (3D) and time‐periodic simulations of blood flow through arteries. This is achieved through the intermediate use of an approximate ‘simulant’ model of the outlet pressure/flow relationship corresponding to the full 3D and time‐dependent numerical simulation. This model allows us to efficiently couple the 3D outlet pressure/flow conditions to the equivalent relations due to the downstream arterial network, as obtained from a one‐dimensional approximate model in the form of Fourier frequency impedance coefficients. An adjustable time‐periodic function correction term in the simulant model requires input from the full 3D model that has to run iteratively until convergence. The advantage of the proposed numerical scheme is that it decouples the upstream detailed simulation from the downstream approximate network model offering exceptional versatility. This approach is demonstrated here in a series of detailed 3D simulations of blood flow, performed using the commercial software FLUENT?, through an asymmetric arterial bifurcation. Two cases are considered: first a healthy system patterned after the left main coronary arterial bifurcation, and second a diseased case where an occlusion has developed in one of the daughter vessels, resulting in strengthening the asymmetry of the bifurcation. Rapid convergence of the iterative process was achieved in both cases. Subtle changes occur in the shear patterns of the daughter vessels, whereas the flow distribution is quite different. In the presence of a stenosis additional regions of low shear develop due to inertial effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献