防风多糖化学成分的研究

从中药防风Saposhnikovia divaricata（Turcz．）Schichk中分离得到两种酸性杂多糖SPSa和SPSb,经凝胶渗透色谱证实为均一组分．UV-Vis光谱证实两种多糖中不含蛋白质．采用薄层色谱和毛细管电泳色谱确定了SPSa和SPSb中单糖的组成及摩尔比,SPSa：半乳糖：阿拉伯糖：鼠李糖：半乳糖醛酸=1：2．3：0．15：4．8;SPSb：半乳糖：阿拉伯糖：鼠李糖：木糖：半乳糖醛酸=1：1．5：0．8：0．2：10．2．采用IR光谱对多糖进行了初步结构研究．与现有的防风多糖的组成相比较,确定出SPSa和SPSb为新的防风多糖．     

气相色谱/质谱法测定食品中甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂残留

建立了一种专属、灵敏的气相色谱-质谱分析方法,用于检测水果、蔬菜、饮料、粮谷类、坚果类和肉、蛋、奶类等多种类型食品中嘧菌酯、醚菌胺、嘧蟎酯、氟嘧菌酯、醚菌酯、Z-苯氧菌胺、E-苯氧菌胺、肟醚菌胺、啶氧菌酯、唑菌胺酯和肟菌酯等11种甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂残留量。对于不同类型的样品,使用不同有机溶剂对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂进行超声波提取,经凝胶渗透色谱对样品提取液进行净化、富集,采用气相色谱-质谱法以选择离子监测模式进行定性,外标法定量。上述各种杀菌剂在0.05~5.0 mg/kg浓度范围内呈线性,相关系数r>0.99。在空白样品中,添加甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂的回收率在60.3%~120.0%之间,精密度(RSD)为1.54%~13.41%。各组分检出限均在0.002~0.015 mg/kg之间。     

探针JDC-108测定生物样品中的蛋白质

在模拟人体生理条件下,基于JDC-108与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用生成复合物,导致血清白蛋白的内源荧光产生特异性变化,而建立了以JDC-108为分子探针,用固定波长同步荧光光谱分析测定蛋白质的新方法。体系同步荧光光谱特征及强度受Δλ、反应介质、反应温度等因素的影响。在20℃、Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH=7.40)及离子强度为0.1 mol/L的NaCl溶液中,体系的Δλ为20 nm的同步荧光强度(ISF)与人血清白蛋白在2.0~497 mg/L的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系;检出限为0.76 mg/L(n=11)。本实验对血清、尿样和唾液样品进行了测定,回收率在97.7%~103.4%之间。实验结果表明:本方法具有简单、快速、灵敏度较高、线性范围宽、精密度和回收率较好等优点,可直接用于生物样品中蛋白质总量的测定,结果令人满意。     

咖啡因女神的复仇

通过虚构咖啡因女神的复仇计划,以奇幻的手法介绍了咖啡因的历史、化学性质、提取方法、体内代谢途径及生理功能特征。用通俗易懂的语言和扣人心弦的情节科普了咖啡因在体内的作用机制。文中一个少年因无知而顶撞了咖啡因女神,引发女神复仇行动,她引诱少年提取、销售毒品级咖啡因,又因少年的道歉而心软,在交易已经达成之时决定停止复仇。然而少年销售咖啡因却是因其药物性质而非毒品性质,女神的复仇计划落空,皆大欢喜。     

西府海棠花中蛋白质提取及动态含量研究

采用超声波辅助提取法,优化西府海棠花朵中蛋白质的提取工艺条件,并在最佳工艺条件下研究了西府海棠花朵中蛋白质含量的动态变化。在单因素实验基础上,采用正交实验对蛋白质的主要提取工艺参数进行优化,结果为：采用pH=10的Tris-HCl提取液、液料比为70∶1（mL/g）,在30℃、400 W下超声提取120 min。在该最佳提取工艺条件下,测得开花2周的花朵中蛋白质含量最高,提取率为0.023 5;开花3周的花朵中蛋白质含量最低,提取率仅为0.004 48。说明开花2周的西府海棠花的利用价值最高。该实验可作为农林院校4~5学时的分析化学实验课的综合实验。     

脉冲熔融-红外/热导法测定钛合金粉末微注射成形脱脂坯中氧氮氢

准确测定钛合金粉末微注射成形脱脂坯中氧氮氢含量对钛合金的粉末微注射工艺改进有很大指导作用。采用工业镍板经过表面打磨、酸洗、加工成固定质量的镍粒来代替市售的镍助熔剂,通过自制镍粒预先加入设备预脱气减少空白影响的方式建立了脉冲熔融-红外/热导法测定钛合金粉末微注射成形的脱脂坯中氧氮氢含量的方法。实验表明,镍粒助熔剂与石墨坩埚经二次脱气,可确保镍粒助熔剂的空白降至极低值以代替市售的镍篮、镍屑等助熔剂。钛合金粉末微注射成形脱脂坯采用振动磨形式加工至0.178 mm以下,镍粒的加入量为1.5 g,分析功率为5 300 W时,可以获得稳定准确的结果。采用实验方法对脱脂坯实际样品进行测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为0.080%～0.47%、0.28%～1.3%和1.6%～2.0%;采用加入钛合金标准样品进行加标回收实验,氧氮氢加标回收率分别在95.7%～104%、97.8%～100%及96.6%～103%。方法满足脱脂坯中的氧氮氢快速检测要求的同时,极大地降低了分析成本。     

THE LATERAL INHOMOGENEITY IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA

Images of the velocity cross--section at 10 different depths in Yunnan Province have been suc-cessfully reconstructed, using the principle and method of seismic tomography (ST). These velocitycoss-sections are consistent with the results of six velocity profiles of deep seismic sounding. The reconstruction method of ST used in this paper has two advantages: (i) The velocity modeli determined by spe cifying node--velocities of hexahedron and linear interpolation through knownbasic function. A velocity field with lateral continuous velocity value and vertical discontinuitiesis established. This model is obviously better than the block model of constant velocity. The verticaldiscontinuities allow the model to simulate velocity discontinuities in the crust and upper mantle. (ii)The velocity and hypocenter parameters are separated by introducing an orthogonal projection oper-ator. Sequential orthogonal triangularization and modified singular decomposition are adopted.These measures reduce the RAM requirement     

VIRUS RESISTANCE OF TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS EXPRESSING TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS COAT PROTEIN GENE

An intermediate expressing vector carrying the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, Chinese common strain) coat protein (CP) gene was constructed by recombinant DNA techniques. The TMV-CP gene was transferred into the tobacco genome via Ti plasmid and a large number of regenerated plants, including both systemic and local lesion hosts for TMV, were obtained. Southern blot analysis revealed that 1-5 copies of the CP gene were integrated into the tobacco genome. RNA and protein analysis demonstrated that the TMV-CP gene was correctly expressed in the transgenic plants. The abundance of TMV-CP mRNA in total leaf RNA accounted for 0.005-0.01%, while the amount of coat proteins reached 0.05-0.2% of the total leaf soluble proteins. Virus challenge experiments showed that the symptom development of virus infection was markedly delayed and the replication as well as the spread of the virus was significantly inhibited in the transgenic plants expressing the TMV-CP gene. Three of these plants were completely protected afte     

线性低密度聚乙烯/橡胶共混体系的相容性研究

本文用FTIR-ATR方法考察了线性低密度聚乙烯与天然橡胶(NR)及丁苯橡胶(SBR)两个共混体系,发现NR的835cm~(-1)和SBR的964cm~(-1)两个吸收峰因与聚乙烯共混而增高变窄,说明聚乙烯的非晶链段和橡胶分子之间存在一定程度的相互作用。     

Crystal Structure of (γ-CH_3C_5H_4N)_2Zn(S_2C_2(CN)_2)and the Second Harmonic Effect

1mrnODUCTIONMetallorganiccompoundisconsideredtobehighlyprospectiveasnonlinearoptical(NLO)materials.NLOpropertiesofmanymetallorganiccompoundshavebeenstudiedsince1986[h,clearlyshowingthepracticalmeaningofthiskindofresearch,especiallyforapplicationsinthevisiblefield.ForametallorganicNLOcrystaltobetransparentinthevisibleregion,generally,atleastthefollowingprerequisites"'mustbesatisfiedwithmolecularandcrystalstructurerespects.Firstly,theelectronconfigurationofcentricionsoftransitionmetalmustb…