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51.
In this letter, we report the synthesis of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and polyaniline (PANI) on the same cation-exchange resin beads and demonstrate their use in catalyzing the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid by Au NPs and simultaneously in detecting the formation of the acid by the color change of PANI. The synthesis was carried out by exchanging the cations of the resins with HAuCl4 and anilinuium chloride and then reducing the metal ions by NaBH4 to produce Au NPs followed by polymerization of aniline using H2O2. The green emeraldine salt form of PANI thus obtained was treated with NaOH to be converted to blue emeraldine base before use. The deposition of Au NPs was confirmed by a change in color of the bead, visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopic measurements. On the other hand, the presence of PANI was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The formation of gluconic acid from glucose was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. We could detect the presence of glucose of a minimum 1.0 mM concentration in water, using the present method. Our experimental observations demonstrate the possibility of the incorporation of multifunctional components on the surfaces of resins for carrying out a chemical reaction as well as detection of the product.  相似文献   
52.
2-(Arylazo)pyridine ligands, L1a-1c react with the salt K2[PtCl4] to give the mononuclear complexes [PtCl2(L1)](1), which readily react with ArNH2 to yield the monochloro complexes of type [PtCl(L2)](HL2= 2-[(2-(arylamino)phenyl)azo]pyridine)(2) via regioselective ortho-amine fusion at the pendent aryl ring of coordinated L1. Oxidative addition of the electrophiles Y2(Y = Cl, Br, I) to the square-planar platinum(II) complex, has led to syntheses of the corresponding octahedral platinum(IV) complexes, [PtY3(L2)](3) in high yields. Ascorbate ion reductions of the platinum(IV) complexes, , resulted in reductive halogen elimination to revert to the platinum(II) complexes almost quantitatively. Isolation of products and X-ray structure determination of the representative complexes followed all these chemical reactions. In crystal packing, the compound [PtCl2(L1c)](1c) forms dimeric units with a Pt...Pt distance of 3.699(1) A. In contrast, the crystal packing of 2b revealed that the molecules are arranged in an antiparallel fashion to form a noncovalent 1D chain to accommodate pi(aryl)-pi(pyridyl) and Pt-pi(aryl) interactions. Notably, the oxidation of [Pt(II)Cl(L2a)](2a) by I2 produced a mixed halide complex [Pt(IV)ClI2(L2a)](5), which, in turn, is reduced by ascorbate ion to produce [Pt(II)I(L2a)] with the elimination of ClI. All the platinum(II) complexes are brown, the platinum(IV) complexes, on the other hand, are green. Low-energy visible range transitions in the complexes of the extended ligand [L2]- are ascribed to ligand basedpi-pi* transitions. Cyclic voltammetric behaviour of the complexes is reported.  相似文献   
53.
The development of a sensitive assay for the quantitative analysis of carbohydrates from human plasma using LC/MS/MS is described in this paper. After sample preparation, carbohydrates were cationized by Cs(+) after their separation by normal phase liquid chromatography on an amino based column. Cesium is capable of forming a quasi-molecular ion [M + Cs](+) with neutral carbohydrate molecules in the positive ion mode of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometer was operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode, and transitions [M + 133] --> 133 were monitored (M, carbohydrate molecular weight). The new method is robust, highly sensitive, rapid, and does not require postcolumn addition or derivatization. It is useful in clinical research for measurement of carbohydrate molecules by isotope dilution assay.  相似文献   
54.
In this paper we present a technique to optimize the transport parameters for transverse matching of the space charge dominated beams in the presence of bunching. The increase in the current within the specified bunch width during the transport is obtained from the disc model and is included in the optimization method. A 2D particle in cell (PIC) code is then developed to study the details transverse dynamics of the bunch taking into account the effect of longitudinal compression by reweighting the charge and mass of macroparticles. The evolution of rms beam size obtained using PIC simulation agrees well with the results obtained by solving beam envelope equation. The PIC simulation shows emittance growth during bunching induced by the space charge effect for nonuniform distribution. The growth in the emittance increases with the nonlinearity of distribution and peaks near the time focus.  相似文献   
55.
With the growing understanding of the role of radon and its daughter products as major sources of radiation exposure, the importance of large number of estimation of radon concentration in various parts of the country is realized. Inhalation of radon, thoron and their decay products is the major source of the total radioactive dose received by the human population from natural radiation. The indoor radon and thoron progeny levels in Nalbari area of Assam are studied by using the LR-115 (type II) Solid State Nuclear Track Detector in Plastic Twin Chamber dosimeter. Radon and thoron progeny levels in different types of dwellings for one full calendar year are presented in this paper. For Assam Type (A.T.) houses, indoor radon progeny concentrations vary from 0.17 to 0.64 mWL with an annual geometric mean of 0.27 mWL and that for Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C.) houses vary from 0.22 mWL to 0.60 mWL with the annual geometric mean of 0.37 mWL. The thoron progeny levels in A.T. houses also vary from 0.01 to of 0.05 mWL with an annual geometric mean of 0.02 mWL and that for R.C.C. houses vary from 0.02 to 0.08 mWL with the annual geometric mean of 0.04 mWL.   相似文献   
56.
The eigenstate energies of an atom increase under spatial confinement and this effect should increase the electron density of the orbital electrons at the nucleus thus increasing the decay rate of an electron capturing radioactive nucleus. We have observed that the orbital electron capture rates of 109In and 110Sn increased by (1.00±0.17)%(1.00±0.17)% and (0.48±0.25)%(0.48±0.25)% respectively when implanted in the smaller Au lattice compared to implantation in a larger Pb lattice. These observations are interpreted to be a result of the higher compression experienced by the large radioactive atoms in the smaller spatial confinement of the Au lattice.  相似文献   
57.
In this paper we have studied the directed motion of a Brownian particle in a multiplicative noise driven flashing ratchet system. Our investigation shows the current (j) is either maximum or minimum in the super-diffusion (SPD) region depending on the asymmetric character of the ratchet potential. But the optimum behavior disappears for the symmetric ratchet potential and there is a current inversion around the normal diffusion (ND). With increase of half cycle period(tp/2) (which controls the on-off operation mechanism of the potential), j passes through a maximum and the peak height is the highest for the SPD. Also at low asymmetry in the system, the mobility is more dominating for the normal and the super-diffusion cases than the sub-diffusion. For large asymmetry in the ratchet potential, the diffusion control positive current is larger for the ND compared to the other cases. Finally, we observe that there is a maximum in the variation of current as a function of noise correlation time for SPD. But it disappears for the other cases.  相似文献   
58.
This paper presents the applicability of an in situ technique based on ISO 13472-1 standard for measuring the acoustic absorption coefficient of grass and artificial turf surfaces for normal incidence from a sound source. The in situ method is based on acoustic impulse response measurement of the material surface. A maximum length sequence (MLS) signal is played through a loudspeaker and the acoustic response from the surface is recorded using a single microphone. The fast Hadamard transform and fast Fourier transform based digital signal post-processing algorithm provides the acoustic absorption coefficient of the surface under test. The normal incidence acoustic absorption coefficient of a commercial artificial quash surface of Dow Co. obtained from this method was compared with the results from the ASTM E1050 impedance tube method for the same surface. The acoustic absorption coefficients of a test-site grass surfaces were measured for 30 mm and 100 mm length of grass blades in wet and dry soil conditions. Substantial difference in the acoustic absorption coefficient was observed for a similar grass-like artificial surface used for estimating sound power of commercial garden equipments and lawnmowers. The advantage of the in situ method lies in its ability to measure the normal incident acoustic absorption coefficient of any planar surface as installed or in situ. Additionally a quick testing time of less than a minute with the use of a laptop sound card based inexpensive data acquisition system is the main feature of this robust method.  相似文献   
59.
An experimental investigation with 5 kW CW CO2 laser system was carried out to study the effects of different laser and process parameters on the microstructure and hardness of carbon steel specimen with varying carbon percentage. The laser beam is allowed to scan on the surface of the work piece varying the power (1.1–2.5 kW) and traverse speed (6–15 mm/s) at two different spot sizes using TEM01* mode laser beam. The most hardenable microstructure achieved in case of three grades of carbon steel and the most influencing parameter on the value of hardness are reported. Besides the above study, some multipass operations are also carried out to recommend an appropriate gap between consecutive passes.  相似文献   
60.
Materials with negative index of refraction have properties that are not naturally available. Such properties can be used to develop novel devices like the superlens which can surpass the diffraction limit. Optical cloaking can be achieved through this negative refractive index method. This article reviews the progress made in the area of negative refractive index materials from the first generation of negative electrical permittivity to the demonstration of negative index of refraction at optical frequency, with the relevant discussion on the physics of these materials. The prime focus of this article is on experimental demonstrations and fabrication related issues of negative refractive index materials which makes use of structured surfaces.  相似文献   
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