Adhesion of polyimide films to microelectronic article components

Reactions between polypyromellitamido acid and component materials of microelectronic articles were examined by thermogravimetric analysis. Modes of modification of the surfaces of semiconductor structures to be used in formation of a system of interconnections with polyimide as interlayer insulator to obtain a high adhesion between the layers via their chemical reactions.     

Journey Making group workshops as a research tool

Problem-structuring group workshops can be used in organizations as a consulting tool and as a research tool. One example of the latter is using a problem-structuring method (PSM) to help a group tackle an organizational issue; meanwhile, researchers collect the participants’ initial views, discussion of divergent views, the negotiated agreement, and the reasoning for outcomes emerging. Technology can help by supporting participants in freely sharing their opinions and by logging data for post-workshop analyses. For example, computers let participants share views anonymously and without being influenced by others (as well as logging those views), and video-cameras can record discussions and intra-group dynamics. This paper evaluates whether technology-supported Journey Making workshops can be effective research tools that can capture quality research data when compared against theoretical performance benchmarks and other qualitative research tools.     

Direct mass measurements of neutron-deficient 152Sm projectile fragments at the FRS-ESR facility

The FRS-ESR facility at GSI provides one of the most efficient methods for direct mass measurements. In the present experiment, exotic nuclei were produced via fragmentation of ¹⁵²Sm projectiles in a thick beryllium target at 500-600 MeV/u, separated in-flight with the fragment separator FRS, and injected into the storage-cooler ring ESR. Time-resolved Schottky Mass Spectrometry was applied for mass measurements of stored and electron-cooled bare and few-electron ions. 373 different nuclides were identified by means of the spectra of their revolution frequencies. Masses for 18 nuclides (⁸⁴Zr, ⁹²Ru, ⁹⁴Rh, ^107,108,110Sb, ^111,112,114I, ¹¹⁸Ba, ^122,123La, ¹²⁴Ce, ¹²⁷Pr, ¹²⁹Nd, ¹³²Pm, ¹³⁴Sm, ¹³⁷Eu) have been determined for the first time. Masses for ^111,112I and ¹¹³Xe have been obtained via known α-decay energies. The experiment and first results will be presented.     

Rheological properties of binary associating polymers

Dynamics of associating polymer solutions above the reversible gelation point are studied. Each macromolecule consists of a soluble backbone (B) and a small fraction of specific strongly interacting groups (A or C stickers) attached to B. A mixture of B–A and B–C associating polymers with 1:1 stoichiometric ratio is considered. As a result of AC association, the polymers reversibly gelate above the overlap concentration. It is shown that (1) the network strands are linear complexes (double chains) of B–A and B–C; (2) “diffusion” of the network junction points is characterized by an apparent activation energy, which can be significantly higher than the energy of one AC bond; (3) most importantly, the randomness of sticker distribution along the chain can significantly slow down the network relaxation leading to a markedly non-Maxwellian viscoelastic behavior. The theory elucidates the most essential features of rheological behavior of polysaccharide associating systems (with A = adamantyl moiety, C = β-cyclodextrin, B = either chitosan or hyaluronan) including similar behavior of G ^′ and G ^″ in a wide frequency range, strong temperature dependence of the characteristic frequency ω _x , and an extremely strong effect of added free stickers (fC) on the dynamics. This paper was presented at Annual European Rheology Conference (AERC) held in Hersonisos, Crete, Greece, April 27–29, 2006.     

Bivariate Recursive Equations on Excess-of-loss Reinsurance

This paper investigates bivariate recursive equations on excess-of-loss reinsurance. For an insurance portfolio, under the assumptions that the individual claim severity distribution has bounded continuous density and the number of claims belongs to R1 （a, b） family, bivariate recursive equations for the joint distribution of the cedent＇s aggregate claims and the reinsurer＇s aggregate claims are obtained.     

Freedom and trying: Understanding agent-causal exertions

In this paper, I argue that trying is the locus of freedom and moral responsibility. Thus, any plausible view of free and responsible action must accommodate and account for free tryings. I then consider a version of agent causation whereby the agent directly causes her tryings. On this view, the agent is afforded direct control over her efforts and there is no need to posit—as other agent-causal theorists do—an uncaused event. I discuss the potential advantages of this sort of view, and its challenges.     

Atomic configurations in close-packed lennard-jones systems

Conclusions DS provide a convenient means of researching local atomic configurations in disordered systems. On the one hand, a DS is a strictly defined geometrical structure, while on the other hand the shapes of the simplexes directly reflect the atomic disposition.New characteristics T and O have been proposed for DS shape and allow one to distinguish the corresponding configurations reliably. It is evident that a close-packed system of spherical atoms contains considerable proportions of slightly distorted tetrahedral and octahedral configurations. In a disordered close packing of soft spheres, such configurations form distinct classes similar to those occurring in an FCC crystal.Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 62–69, March–April, 1987.     

Solvothermal synthesis of TiO2: anatase nanocrystals and rutile nanofibres from TiCl4 in acetone

This work reports a new synthetic approach for single‐phase TiO₂ nanomaterials by solvothermal treatment of titanium tetrachloride in acetone at 80–110 °C. Small, uniform, and yet size‐tunable (5–10 nm) anatase titania nanocrystallites were obtained using a low concentration of TiCl₄ in acetone (i.e., at molar ratios of TiCl₄/acetone ≤ 1:15) in the temperature range of 80–110 °C, while rutile nanofibers were synthesized using a high concentration of TiCl₄ (e.g., TiCl₄/acetone = 1:10) at 110 °C. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Another independent self-dual basis for the trivial variety

We give a new independent self-dual 3-basis for the trivial variety with two binary operations. Received October 24, 2006; accepted in final form January 25, 2007.