Structural preferences of gas-phase M2TMP monomers upon sequence variations

The conformations of a number of M2TMP(22-46) sequence variants have been investigated using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Substantial conformational changes were evidenced by IMS upon the variation of a single amino acid in the peptide sequence, with two main drift time signatures. Replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations were used to help assign the structures of the different identified conformers. Even though one-on-one agreement with experiment was found for only two variants, the simulations generally confirmed the existence of two structural families. Based on these results, most of the triply protonated variants, including the wild-type peptide, were found to display collision cross sections in agreement with compact conformations in the gas phase, whereas they tend to form extended α-helices in the condensed phase, as confirmed by circular dichroism and previously reported NMR measurements. The destabilization of α-helices in vacuo upon amino acid substitution is interpreted as being driven by the solvation pattern of the charges.     

Coupled effects of grain size distributions and crystallographic textures on the plastic behaviour of IF steels

Micro-macro scale transition theories were developed to model the inelastic behaviour of polycrystals starting from the local behaviour of the grains. The anisotropy of the plastic behaviour of polycrystalline metals was essentially explained by taking into account the crystallographic textures. Issues like plastic heterogeneities due to grain size dispersion, involving the Hall-Petch mechanism at the grain scale, were often not taken into account, and, only the role of a mean grain size was investigated in the literature. Here, both sources of plastic heterogeneities are studied using: (i) experimental data from EBSD measurements and tensile tests, and, (ii) a self-consistent model devoted to elastic-viscoplastic heterogeneous materials. The results of the model are applied to two different industrial IF steels with similar global orientation distributions functions but different mean grain sizes and grain size distributions. The coupled role of grain size distributions and crystallographic textures on the overall tensile behaviour, local stresses and strains, stored energy and overall plastic anisotropy (Lankford coefficients) is deeply analyzed by considering different other possible correlations between crystallographic orientations and grain sizes from the measured data.     

End-group characterization of poly(styrene sulfonate sodium salt) by activated electron photo-detachment dissociation

Tandem mass spectrometry of poly(styrene sulfonate sodium salt) (PSS) was performed after activated electron photo-detachment dissociation (activated EPD). In this technique, doubly charged PSS oligomers were first produced in negative mode electrospray ionization, then oxidized into radical anions upon electron photo-detachment using a 220 nm laser wavelength, and further activated by collision. In contrast to the collision-induced dissociation (CID) of negatively charged PSS oligomers, which does not provide informative data with regard to the end-groups, activated-EPD is shown here to promote radical-induced dissociation reactions thanks to the oxidation of a sulfonate group upon laser irradiation. Major product ions generated after backbone bond cleavages contained one or the other chain terminations and could be accounted for by two main mechanisms. Moreover, each of the proposed dissociation reactions was shown to generate two distinct fragments, depending on the location of the oxidized monomer near one or the other chain terminal moieties. As a result, a combination of these two fragments allowed a straightforward mass characterization of each end-group.     

Study of the thermal mixing between two non-isothermal sprays using combined three-color LIF thermometry and phase Doppler analyzer

The aim of this experimental work was to demonstrate the ability of three-color laser-induced fluorescence (3cLIF) thermometry to study the thermal mixing of two non-isothermal water sprays. Combined 3cLIF-phase Doppler analyzer measurements were also implemented to derive correlations between droplet size and temperature. Both sprays had different characteristics in terms of flow rate and droplet size distribution. The liquid spray was successively pre-heated, and the other spray was maintained and injected at ambient temperature. The thermal mixing will be discussed in light of a wide set of experimental results obtained under various experimental conditions, including different liquid flow rates, droplet size distributions and droplet concentrations. To analyze the potential effect of droplet coalescence on the mean local liquid temperature, both sprays were alternatively seeded with fluorescent dye. Main results show that significant heating of cold spray is possible when the hot spray is injected with the higher flow rate. Moreover, this heating affects only the smallest droplets.     

(2,2′‐Bipyridyl‐κ2N,N′)­bis­(salicyl­ato‐κ2O,O′)­zinc(II)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Zn(C₇H₅O₃)₂(C₁₀H₈N₂)], contains one monomeric zinc complex. The Zn atom is coordinated to one 2,2′‐bipyridyl ligand via both N atoms and to two salicyl­ate anions (Hsal⁻) in a bidentate chelating manner involving carboxyl­ate O‐atom coordination. The complex exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry about the Zn^II atom, with the `apical' positions occupied by one of the two N atoms of the bipyridyl ligand and an O atom from one Hsal<sup>−</sup> ligand; the Zn atom is 0.168 (1) Å out of the `basal' plane. Two intramolecular six‐membered hydrogen‐bonded rings are present, generated from interactions between the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the salicyl­ate ligands. The crystal packing is governed by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Structure of a Cyano-bridged Two-dimensional Cu<Superscript>II</Superscript>Co<Superscript>III</Superscript> Coordination Polymer Derived from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trans</Emphasis>-1,2-diaminocyclohexane as Blocking Ligand

Abstract  The synthesis, characterization, and structure of a cyano-bridged two-dimensional supramolecule, [Cu^II(trans-chxn)₂]₃[Co^III(CN)₆]₂·2H₂O (1; chxn = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane), have been described. The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic Pī space group with the unit cell parameters: a = 9.141(5) ?, b = 12.406(5) ?, c = 15.064(5) ?, α = 95.190(5)°, β = 94.460(5)°, γ = 109.510(5)°, V = 1593.0(12) ?³, and Z = 1. The compound contains two crystallographically different copper(II) and cobalt(III) centers. Each of the two copper(II) ions is hexacoordinated by two diamines and two bridging cyanides. Two trans cyanides of one type of hexacyanometalate link one type of copper(II) center to result in one-dimensional chain, while two pairs of trans cyanides of the second type of hexacyanometalate link both the types of copper(II) ions to result in the second dimension. There are extensive hydrogen bonding interactions within the two-dimensional cyano-bridged sheet involving the solvated water molecule, amine groups, and cyanide nitrogens. Index Abstract  Synthesis, characterization, and structure of a cyano-bridged two-dimensional Cu^IICo^III coordination polymer derived from trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane as blocking ligand Malabika Nayak, Samit Majumder, Pascale Lemoine, and Sasankasekhar Mohanta* The synthesis, characterization, and structure of a cyano-bridged two-dimensional supramolecule, [Cu^II(trans-chxn)₂]₃[Co^III(CN)₆]₂ · 2H₂O (chxn = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane), have been described.      

Fragmentation of the tryptophan cluster [Trp9-2H]2- induced by different activation methods

Electrospray ionization (ESI) of tryptophan gives rise to multiply charged, non‐covalent tryptophan cluster anions, [Trp_n–xH]^x?, in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer, as confirmed by high‐resolution experiments performed on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer. The smallest multiply charged clusters that can be formed in the linear ion trap as a function of charge state are: x = 2, n = 7; x = 3, n = 16; x = 4, n = 31. The fragmentation of the dianionic cluster [Trp₉–2H]^2? was examined via low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID), ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) at 266 nm and electron‐induced dissociation (EID) at electron energies ranging from >0 to 30 eV. CID proceeds mostly via charge separation and evaporation of neutral tryptophan. The smallest doubly charged cluster that can be formed via evaporation of neutral tryptophans is [Trp₇–2H]^2?, consistent with the observation of this cluster in the ESI mass spectrum. UVPD gives singly charged tryptophan clusters ranging from n = 2 to n = 9. The latter ion arises from ejection of an electron to give the radical anion cluster, [Trp₉–2H]^?.. The types of gas‐phase EID reactions observed are dependent on the energy of the electrons. Loss of neutral tryptophan is an important channel at lower energies, with the smallest doubly charged ion, [Trp₇–2H]^2?, being observed at 19.8 eV. Coulomb explosion starts to occur at 19.8 eV to form the singly charged cluster ions [Trp_x–H]^? (x = 1–8) via highly asymmetric fission. At 21.8 eV a small amount of [Trp₂–H–NH₃]^? is observed. Thus CID, UVPD and EID are complementary techniques for the study of the fragmentation reactions of cluster ions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient Eley-Rideal reactions of H atoms with single Cl adsorbates on Au(111)

Density functional theory is used to construct an interaction model for H atoms with Cl over Au(111). Single-adsorbate Eley-Rideal reactions are investigated with quantum and quasiclassical methods. The reaction cross sections, amounting to 2-3 A(2), are much larger than for HD recombinations on metals. This can be traced to the adsorbed Cl being relatively far above the surface, the H-Cl interaction prevailing over the H-substrate attraction for a sizable range of impact parameters.