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51.
LewisX (Lex) antigen based carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions are mediated by complexation of metal ions. Although theoretical studies about the influence of participating hydroxyl groups in the Lex trisaccharide head group (Galβ(1-4)[Fucα(1-3)]GlcNAc) could gave same rudimental information about the basic mechanism behind this interaction, a little is known about orientation and configuration of the hydroxyl groups required for the specific interaction mediated by Ca2+ complexation. Therefore, there is a need of non-natural derivatives to provide detailed information about the requirements for hydroxyl group arrangement in Lex head group surface plasmon resonance and gold nanoparticle techniques have shown to be powerful tools to investigate carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions. Benzaldehyde-functionalized glycans can be used for attachment to both gold nanoparticles and surface plasmon resonance sensor surfaces. Therefore, seven benzaldehyde equipped Lex analogs including the natural trisaccharide were synthesized utilizing convergent approach. The derivatives were applied in ongoing carbohydrate–carbohydrate interaction studies by surface plasmon resonance experiments to prove theoretical postulate about the structural requirements of hydroxyl group arrangements in Lex trisaccharides. 相似文献
52.
Lancelot N Elbayed K Raya J Piotto M Briand JP Formaggio F Toniolo C Bianco A 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2003,9(6):1317-1323
A tetra- and a hepta-homopeptide from the C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid) residue were covalently linked to the POEPOP resin by the fragment-condensation approach. The conformational preferences of the two model peptides were determined for the first time on a solid support by means of high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. The results obtained indicate that the Aib homopeptides adopt a regular 3(10)-helical structure even when they are covalently bound to a polymeric matrix, and thus confirm the remarkable conformational stability of the peptides rich in this amino acid. An ATR-FTIR spectroscopic investigation, performed in parallel, also confirmed that these polymer-bound peptides do indeed adopt a helical conformation. The results of this study open the possibility to exploit the peptide-resin conjugates based on C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acids as helpful, structurally organized templates in molecular recognition studies or as catalysts in asymmetric synthesis. 相似文献
53.
Karim Fahmy Olaf Weidlich Martin Engelhard Jörg Tittor Dieter Oesterhelt Friedrich Siebert † 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1992,56(6):1073-1083
Abstract— In order to assign the proton acceptor for Schiff base deprotonation in bacteriorhodopsin to a specific Asp residue, the photoreaction of the Asp85 → Glu mutant, as expressed in Halobacterium sp . GRB, was investigated by static low-temperature and time-resolved infrared difference spec-troscopy. Measurements were also performed on the mutant protein labeled with [4-13 C]Asp which allowed discrimination between Asp and Glu residues. 14,15-di13 C-retinal was incorporated to distinguish amide-II absorbance changes from changes of the ethylenic mode of the chromophore. In agreement with earlier UV-VIS measurements, our data show that from both the 540 and 610 nm species present in a pH-dependent equilibrium, intermediates similar to K and L can be formed. The 14 ms time-resolved spectrum of the 540 nm species shows that a glutamic acid becomes protonated in the M-like intermediate, whereas the comparable difference spectrum of the 610 nm species demonstrates that in the initial state a glutamic acid is already protonated. In conjunction with earlier observations of protonation of an Asp residue in wild-type M, the data provide direct evidence that the proton acceptor in the deprotonation reaction of the Schiff base is Asp85. 相似文献
54.
Xinran Li Jiahao Liu Cheng Chen Jian Yang Ziqiang Xu Mengqiang Wu Yuesheng Wang Zaghib Karim 《中国化学快报》2021,32(3):983-989
The intrinsic liquid interface of Na-K alloy allays concerns about dendrite growth on metal anodes that are thermodynamically within the room temperature(20-22℃).Nevertheless,it hinders the formation of a stable electrode structure due to the inferior wettability induced by considerable liquid tension.In addition,the dominant ionic carrier in the Na-K alloy is subject to multiple factors,which is not conducive to customized battery design.This review,based on recently reported frontier achievements on Na-K liquid anodes,summarizes practical strategies for promoting the wettability by hightemperature induction,capillary effect,vacuum infiltration,and solid interface protection.Furthermo re,four selection mechanisms of the dominant ionic carrier are presented:(1) ion property dominated,(2)cathode dominated,(3) separator dominated,and(4) solid electrolyte interface dominated.Notably,initial electrolytes in energy storage systems have been unable to play a decisive role in ionic selection.Utilizing a superior wettability strategy and simultaneously identifying the dominant ionic carrier can facilitate the tailored application of dendrite-free Na-K liquid anodes. 相似文献
55.
Kherroubi Seddik Benkahla Youb Khaled Labsi Nabila Ragui Karim Bensaci Abdelghani Boutra Abdelkader Ouyahia Seif-Eddine Benzema Mahdi 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2021,144(3):623-646
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Through this paper, three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer of Al2O3 nanofluid within ventilated enclosures was taken into consideration.... 相似文献
56.
Rubina Abdul‐Karim Syed Ghulam Musharraf Muhammad Imran Malik 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2017,55(11):1887-1893
Synthesis of novel amphiphilic biodegradable block copolymers based on ethylene carbonate is reported in this study. Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MeO‐PEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) of varying molar masses are used as macro‐initiator for ring‐opening polymerization of ethylene carbonate in the presence of sodium stannate trihydrate as a heterogeneous transesterification catalyst. Earlier elution of block copolymer from macro‐initiator in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) indicated the successful synthesis of the block copolymers. Ratios of both types of blocks are varied systematically. Liquid chromatography at critical conditions is used for the analysis of the non‐critical individual blocks, and if there are any critical segments that are not attached to the non‐critical block. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of ethylene carbonate‐based amphiphilic block copolymers. Chromatographic critical conditions of the ethylene carbonate polymer are also reported for the first time. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 1887–1893 相似文献
57.
58.
A. K. Jabbar H. M. A. Karim M. A. A. Al-Janabi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1990,140(2):379-386
Sn-alanine kits were prepared in lyophilized form containing 7.02·10–2 M -alanine and 5.5·10–4M stannous chloride dihydrate. The optimal pH value of the preparation was found to be equal to 4.3–5.1. The radiochemical purity and the stability of99mTc-alanine were assessed by gel filtration column scanning techniques (GCS) and thin layer chromatography, and the labelling yield of the complex was higher than 95%. The organ distribution data in mice showed that more than 90% of the injected dose had been accumulated in the liver. However, a negligible amount of radioactivity was detected in the non-target organs. The stability of99mTc-alanine was followed for 5 hours and the Sn-alanine kit was stable for at least 3 months. 相似文献
59.
Archie P. Smith Jack F. Douglas J. Carson Meredith Eric J. Amis Alamgir Karim 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2001,39(18):2141-2158
Surface‐pattern formation in thin block copolymer films was investigated by utilizing a high‐throughput methodology to validate the combinatorial measurement approach and to demonstrate the value of the combinatorial method for scientific investigation. We constructed measurement libraries from images of subregions of block copolymer films having gradients in film thickness and a range of molecular mass, M. A single gradient film covers a wide range of film morphologies and contains information equivalent to a large number of measurements of films having a fixed thickness, h. Notably, the scale of the surface patterns is generally much larger than the molecular dimensions so that the interpretation of the patterns is more subtle than ordering in bulk block copolymer materials, and there is no predictive theory of this type of surface‐pattern formation. We observed a succession of surface patterns that repeat across the film with increasing h [extended smooth regions, regions containing circular islands, labyrinthine (“spinodal”) patterns, holes, and smooth regions again]. The extended smooth regions and the labyrinthine patterns appear to be novel features revealed by our combinatorial study, and these patterns occurred as bands of h that were quantized by integral multiples of the bulk lamellar period, Lo. The magnitude of the height gradient influenced the width of the bands, and the smooth regions occupied an increasing fraction of the film‐surface area with an increasing film gradient. The average size of the spinodal patterns, λ, was found to scale as λ ~ L or λ ~ M?1.65 and reached a limiting size at long annealing times. The hole and island features had a size comparable to λ, and their size likewise decreased with increasing M. The smooth regions were attributed to an increase in the surface‐chain density in the outer brushlike block copolymer layer with increasing h, and the scaling of λ with M was interpreted in terms of the increasing surface elasticity with M. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2141–2158, 2001 相似文献
60.