Activation volumes of the wall-motion and nucleation processes in Co-based multilayer films were characterized from time-resolved domain evolution patterns. These activation volumes were both sensitive to the multilayer structure as well as the film preparation condition. The two activation volumes were generally unequal with each other and the inequality directly influenced on magnetization reversal behavior. 相似文献
Highly conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films as transparent electrodes for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are doped with a new solvent 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI) and are optimized using solvent post‐treatment. The DMI doped PEDOT:PSS films show significantly enhanced conductivities up to 812.1 S cm−1. The sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS films doped with DMI is further reduced by various solvent post‐treatment. The effect of solvent post‐treatment on DMI doped PEDOT:PSS films is investigated and is shown to reduce insulating PSS in the conductive films. The solvent posttreated PEDOT:PSS films are successfully employed as transparent electrodes in white OLEDs. It is shown that the efficiency of OLEDs with the optimized DMI doped PEDOT:PSS films is higher than that of reference OLEDs doped with a conventional solvent (ethylene glycol). The results present that the optimized PEDOT:PSS films with the new solvent of DMI can be a promising transparent electrode for low‐cost, efficient ITO‐free white OLEDs.
New organosilver complexes, silver(I) tetraalkylbis(benzimidazolidene) halide [1a-3a] and silver(I) dimethyl-N,N′-hexyl(imidazolyl) bromide [4a], were synthesized and incorporated into electroconductive silver pastes. Complex 3a had a 15-fold higher conductivity than conventional silver salt pastes, specifically silver(I) hexanoate, and exhibited a smooth, homogeneous surface after reductive heat-treatment of the silver paste. While the conductivity of silver(I) hexanoate can be increased by up to 33% by the addition of a supporting silver source, such as Ag2O, the conductivity of 3a was markedly decreased by Ag2O treatment. Thus, 3a can be used in silver pastes with moderate conductivity and can reduce the amount of conventional silver supporting materials without loss of electroconductivity. 相似文献
In this paper we investigate the existence of non-topological solutions of the Chern–Simons Higgs model in R2. A long standing problem for this equation is: Given N vortex points and β>8π(N+1), does there exist a non-topological solution in R2 such that the total magnetic flux is equal to β/2? In this paper, we prove the existence of such a solution if . We apply the bubbling analysis and the Leray–Schauder degree theory to solve this problem. 相似文献
The binomial tree method (BTM), first proposed by Cox et al. (1979) [4] in diffusion models and extended by Amin (1993) [9] to jump-diffusion models, is one of the most popular approaches to pricing options. In this paper, we present a binomial tree method for lookback options in jump-diffusion models and show its equivalence to certain explicit difference scheme. We also prove the existence and convergence of the optimal exercise boundary in the binomial tree approximation to American lookback options and give the terminal value of the genuine exercise boundary. Further, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the theoretical results. 相似文献