Crystal structure and magnetic interactions in nickel(II) dibridged complexes formed by two azide groups or by both phenolate oxygen-azide, -thiocyanate, -carboxylate, or -cyanate groups

Tridentate/tetradentate Schiff base ligands L(1) and L(2), derived from the condensation of o-vanillin or pyridine-2-aldehyde with N,N-dimethylethylenediammine, react with nickel acetate or perchlorate salt and azide, cyanate, or thiocyanate to give rise to a series of dinuclear complexes of formulas [Ni(L(1))(micro(1,1)-N(3))Ni(L(1))(N(3))(OH(2))].H(2)O (1), [[Ni(L(1))(micro(1,1)-NCS)Ni(L(1))(NCS)(OH(2))][Ni(L(1))(micro-CH(3)COO)Ni(L(1))( NCS) (OH(2))]] (2) [[2A][2B]], [Ni(L(1))(micro(1,1)-NCO)Ni(L(1))(NCO)(OH(2))].H(2)O (3), and [Ni(L(2)-OMe)(micro(1,1)-N(3))(N(3))](2) (4), where L(1) = Me(2)N(CH(2))(2)NCHC(6)H(3)(O(-))(OCH(3)) and L(2) = Me(2)N(CH(2))(2)NCHC(6)H(3)N. We have characterized these complexes by analytical, spectroscopic, and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. The coordination geometry around all of the Ni(II) centers is a distorted octahedron with bridging azide, thiocyanate/acetate, or cyanate in a micro(1,1) mode and micro(2)-phenolate oxygen ion for 1-3, respectively, or with a double-bridging azide for 4. The magnetic properties of the complexes were studied by magnetic susceptibility (chi(M)) versus temperature measurements. The chi(M) nus T plot reveals that compounds 1 and 4 are strongly ferromagnetically coupled, 3 shows a weak ferromagnetic behavior, and 2 is very weakly antiferromagnetically coupled.     

A systematic evaluation of molecular recognition phenomena. 4. Selective binding of dicarboxylic acids to hexaazamacrocyclic ligands based on molecular flexibility

The host-guest interaction between four hexaaza macrocyclic ligands (3,6,9,17,20,23-hexaazatricyclo[23.3.1.1]triaconta-1(29),11,13,15 (30),25(27)-hexaene (Bd), 3,6,9,16,19,22-hexaazatricyclo[22.2.2.2]triaconta-1(27),11(30),12,14(29),24(28),25-hexaene (P2), 3,7,11,19,23,27-hexaazatricyclo[27.3.1.1]tetratriaconta-1(33),13, 15,17(34),29,31-hexaene (Bn), 3,7,11,18,22,26-hexaazatricyclo[26.2.2.2]tetratriaconta-1(31),13(34),14,16(33),28(32),29-hexaene (P3)) and two dicarboxylic acids (oxalic acid, H2Ox; oxydiacetic acid, H2Od) have been investigated using potentiometric equilibrium methods. Ternary complexes are formed in aqueous solution as a result of hydrogen bond formation and Coulombic interactions between the host and the guest. In the [(H6P2)(Ox)]4+ complex those bonding interactions reach a maximum yielding a log KR6 of 6.08. This species has been further characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis showing that the oxalate guest molecule is situated inside the macrocyclic cavity of the P2 host. X-ray diffraction analysis has also been carried out for the complex [(H6Bn)(Od)2](Br)2.6H2O, where now the oxydiacetate is bonded to the host but outside the macrocyclic cavity. Competitive distribution diagrams and total species distribution diagrams are used to graphically illustrate the most salient features of these systems, which are the following: (a) The Bd and P2 ligands bind Ox significantly much more stronger than Od. This is clearly manifested for the P2:Ox:Od competitive system, where a selectivity of 92.5% in favor of the P2-Ox complexation against P2-Od is obtained at p[H] = 2.8. (b) No isomeric effect is found when comparing binding capacities of oxalate with two isomeric ligands such as P2 and Bd since their affinity to bind the substrate is relatively similar. (c) Bn and P3 ligands have a similar behavior as described in (a) for P2 and Bd except that due to the increase of cavity size the differentiation becomes smaller. (d) Less basic ligands containing two methylenic units Bd (log betaH6 = 40.42) and P2 (40.42) bind stronger to the substrates than those containing three methylenic units Bn (50.32) and P3 (50.64) even though their relative predominance depends on p[H].     

Unprecedented highly stereoselective alpha- and beta-C-glycosidation with chiral titanium enolates

[reaction: see text] Lewis acid mediated addition of chiral titanium enolates to glycals provides either alpha- or beta-1'-methyl-substituted C-glycosides. This highly stereoselective methodology permits the modular preparation of three of the four possible diastereomers.     

Enantioselective addition of a chiral thiazolidinethione-derived titanium enolate to acetals

[reaction: see text] High stereoselectivities (up to 98% de) have been achieved for the Lewis acid-mediated cross-coupling reaction of dimethyl acetals to a chiral 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione-derived titanium enolate. The reaction affords enantiopure anti alpha-methyl-beta-alkoxy carbonyl compounds in a wide range of acetals.     

First biosynthetic evidence on the phenyl-containing polyketides of the marine mollusc Scaphander lignarius

The biosynthesis of lignarenones 1 and 2, the major polyketides of the Mediterranean mollusc Scaphander lignarius is described. The process is primed by benzoic acid and requires acetate and propionate as extender units. The labeling pattern suggests PKS-like synthesis of an unusual E,Z,E-triene chain and origin of the benzoate unit from phenylalanine. 13C-13C NMR COSY has been used to establish the labeling positions due to incorporation of 13C2-acetate.     

Synthesis of 3‐Aminotropones from N‐Boc‐Protected Furan‐2‐amine (=tert‐Butyl Furan‐2‐ylcarbamate; Boc=(tert‐Butoxy)carbonyl) by Cycloaddition Reactions and Subsequent Rearrangement

The 3‐aminotropones (=3‐aminocyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trien‐1‐ones) 4 were prepared in two steps by i) a [4+3] cycloaddition reaction between a conveniently substituted α,α′‐dihalo ketone 1 and a furan‐2‐amine derivative 2 functionalized at C(2) by a protected amino group (→ 3 ), and ii) a base‐induced molecular rearrangement of the cycloadduct 3 via cleavage of the O‐bridge. A mechanism for the formation of 3‐aminotropones is proposed on the basis of the initial deprotonation of the [(tert‐butoxy)carbonyl]amino (BocNH) group of 3 , followed by O‐bridge opening, an acid–base equilibrium, and finally an alkoxyaluminate elimination to afford the conjugated stable troponoid system (Scheme 7).