应用近红外光谱投影模型法分析烟叶的产区与风格特征

以在2003年—2012年向国内17个主要烤烟产地,五大烟叶生态产区,收集的4 733个烟叶样品的近红外光谱为试验对象, 其中浓香型烟叶光谱1 580条, 清香型2 004条, 中间香型1 149条;应用基于主成分及Fisher准则(PPF)的方法建立烟叶生态产区和风格特征的投影分析模型,以生态产区模型的分析结果阐释了烟叶香型风格划分的合理性,并依据风格特征模型得到的预测样品投影值与模型中各类投影均值之间的欧氏距离,对预测样品给出最近和次近类别及描述风格特征程度的量化分值,结合模型中各类投影值的离散度以及设定阈值,将预测结果细化为典型浓、浓偏中、中偏浓、典型中、中偏清、清偏中、典型清、清透浓、浓透清等9类或超模型范围样品;应用2102在实际复烤生产加工及各烟叶原料基地中收集的不同部位、不同产地的35个烟叶样品验证了分析结果的合理性。该种分析方式,不仅可以实现预测样品的判别分析,并且可得到关于预测样品更细化的风格特征信息,可对烟草工业企业实现原料的跨区组合及叶组配方等提供指导。     

中国城市职业多样性：事实、演进与政策含义

从城市职业类型分布的角度测算中国城市的职业多样性和趋势,并探讨城市特征对于城市职业多样性的影响,可以为引导城市充分高质量就业提供参考。通过采用改进的赫芬达尔指数、面板数据固定效应模型和Oaxaca-Blinder分解等方法,研究发现,2002−2016年期间中国城市职业多样性呈现出先降后升的趋势,其原因在于城市产业结构的调整以及金融危机后新经济的出现;同时,城市规模越大、行政等级越高、经济越发达,对应的职业多样性程度越高。研究结论有助于直观了解不同城市的职业分布、产业结构和分工现状,评估城市的人力资源结构和经济发展潜能,进而为不同城市制定产业发展及人力资源规划提供政策建议。     

高频强泵浦场激发的等离子体参量不稳定性的特性

本文论证了当泵浦波的强度足够强时,在相当普遍的条件下,对均匀等离子体,唯一可以发生的参量不稳定性是类似于弱场的振荡二束不稳定性(OTSI)。对均匀及弱不均匀等离子体,高频强泵浦场激发的参量不稳定性都是绝对不稳定性。同样的性质在磁化等离子体中也可以得到。 关键词：     

Improved Synthesis and Structure of 3-Carboxy-2-pyrazinecarbohydroxamic Acid

3-Carboxy-2-pyrazinehydroxamic acid was prepared by a one pot reaction starting from pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with a high yield, and characterized by IR, Mass spectrum, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group Pī with a=4.8659(10), b=7.4233(15), c=11.602(2), α=96.904(2), β=92.422(3), γ=107.454(2)°, V=395.51(14)3 , Z=2, Dc=1.689g/cm3 , F(000)=208, μ(MoKα)=0.149 mm-1 , the final R=0.0473 and wR=0.1306 for 2853 observed reflections (I>2σ (I)). A three-dimensional framework was assembled through intermolecular hydrogen bonding between water and 3-carboxy-2-pyrazine-carbohydroxamic acid molecules.     

Rejoinder for Gaining effciency via weighted estimators for multivariate failure time data

We thank all the discussants for their interesting and stimulating contributions. They have touched various aspects that have not been considered by the original articles.     

中药炮制机理研究的思路与方法——以咖啡豆的烘焙原理研究为例

中药炮制是中药学的特色和优势,也是最具我国自主知识产权的学科之一.中药炮制研究的核心是阐明中药炮制机理,这也是制约中药现代化的关键节点.目前大部分中药的炮制机理尚不明确,有待进行系统深入的研究.咖啡豆需要烘培后才可以制成饮料,这个高温烘培过程类似于中药的炮制过程.近年来,国内外专家对咖啡豆高温烘培过程化学成分变化及其机理进行了深入研究,各种新方法和新技术得到广泛应用,取得了系列研究成果,这些研究成果为中药炮制机理研究提供了多种新思路和新方法,也为中药炮制机理的研究和阐明提供了重要示范.     

Highly Selective Synthesis of Methyl 1-Phenyl-1-(9-hydro-)fullerenylacetate

Isomerically pure methyl 1-phenyl-1-(9-hydro-)fullerenylacetat is synthesized in 75% yield by the reaction of C₆₀ with the carbanions of methyl phenylacetate in C₆H₆/THF mixed solvent under a purified N₂ atmosphere at 20°C.     

Sensor configuration for distributed passive localization system in ocean acoustic field

In order to improve the localization accuracy of the distributed passive location system in the ocean acoustic field,a sensor configuration method is proposed b...     

A STUDY OF LOW CYCLE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS BASED ON THE FUNNEL-SHEET SPECIMENS1)

根据能量等效方法,针对漏斗薄片试样,提出了关联Ramberg-Osgood 幂律参数、试样几何参数的载荷-位移半解析统一模型。采用有限元数值模拟,正、反向验证了该模型的有效性。在此基础上,提出了通过漏斗薄片试样低循环试验实现材料低周疲劳性能的预测方法。基于薄片试样低循环试验数据,完成了SS316L, N18及SAPH440 三种材料的低周疲劳性能预测,预测结果与标准试样试验结果具有良好的一致性。并利用该方法完成了N18与SAPH在不同温度条件下的低周疲劳性能预测。     

NATIONAL STANDARD OF HEAT CAPACITY MEASUREMENT OF SOLIDS IN THE RANGE OF 4.2—90K——AN AUTOMATED ADIABATIC CALORIMETER FROM 25 TO 90K AND MOLAR HEAT CAPACITIES OF α-ALUMINA

The construction of an automated adiabatic calorimeter for heat capacity measurement ofsolids in the temperature range of 25- 90K is described in detail. The sample vessel of thecalorimeter has thin radial vanes which make no contact with its inner wall and are distrib-uted evenly, thus greatly improving the internal thermal equilibration of the vessel. Theprecision of temperature control for the adiabatic shields and electrical leads of the calori-metric system are heightened to a great extent by using the high precision ACD- 79 modeladiabatic controller specially developed by us for this purpose. Measurements of the heatcapacities of high purity α-Al_2O_3, one of the internationally-accepted standard referencematerials, agree with those of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), USA within ±0.3%,demonstrating the reliability of this apparatus.