Spectroscopy for cold atom gases in periodically phase-modulated optical lattices

The response of cold atom gases to small periodic phase modulation of an optical lattice is discussed. For bosonic gases, the energy absorption rate is given, within linear response theory, by the imaginary part of the current autocorrelation function. For fermionic gases in a strong lattice potential, the same correlation function can be probed via the production rate of double occupancy. The phase modulation gives thus direct access to the conductivity of the system, as a function of the modulation frequency. We give an example of application in the case of bosonic systems at zero temperature and discuss the link between the phase and amplitude modulation.     

Fluctuating hydrodynamics for a rarefied gas based on extended thermodynamics

We develop a theory of fluctuating hydrodynamics based on extended thermodynamics through studying the 13-variable theory for a monatomic rarefied gas as a representative case. After analyzing the relationship between the present theory and the Landau-Lifshitz theory, we discuss the hierarchy structure of the hydrodynamic fluctuations.     

Highly atom efficient catalytic reactions utilizing water and alcohols as reagents

In this accounts, we describe our recent studies on hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and addition of alcohols to organic molecules. The reactions utilizing water and alcohols as a reagent are one of the most basic and simple reactions. The palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrolysis and alcoholysis of vinyl ethers gave valuable axially chiral 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol and 1,1′-bi-2-phenol derivatives and chiral P-chirogenic compounds in optically active form. The reaction is applied for hydrolytic deallylation of N-allyl amide and allyl esters. The later one was achieved by palladium/ruthenium dual catalysts which is the first example of catalytic irreversible ester hydrolysis. Gold complexes also catalyzed vinyl ether alcoholysis and hydroalkoxylation of olefins. In the later reaction, simple unactivated olefins can be used as substrates and gave the product in 92% yield. The copper-DTBM-SEGPHOS complex catalyzed alcoholysis of azlactones which is the first example showing zero-order kinetic resolution.     

Total synthesis of ningalin D

A concise (nine-step) and effective (19% overall yield) total synthesis of ningalin D (1a) is disclosed and is based on a key 1,2,4,5-tetrazine --> 1,2-diazine --> pyrrole Diels-Alder strategy to assemble a fully substituted pyrrole core central to its structure. Additional highlights of the synthesis include a double Dieckmann condensation to introduce the C and D aryl rings enlisting substituents judiciously placed on the dienophile and intrinsic to the widely used tetrazine 2, a highly effective Suzuki coupling of the resulting C and D phenol triflates for introduction of the sterically demanding F and G aryl rings, and an unusually effective formal oxidative decarboxylation reaction cascade initiated by a Curtius rearrangement to directly provide the biphenylene quinone methide found imbedded in the structure of ningalin D. The cytotoxic and multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity of ningalin D, its derivatives, and the key synthetic intermediates are detailed.     

Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic and Optical Properties of a Novel Chain-like Oxalate-bridging Samarium Complex

A new lanthanide complex [Sm(C2O4)(H2O)5]nCln·2nH2O has been obtained by hydrothermal synthetic method. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a = 7.5438(6), b = 14.3201(11), c = 10.8608(9) , β = 94.565(4)o, V = 1169.55(16) 3, C2H14ClO11Sm, Mr = 399.93, Z = 4, Dc = 2.271 g/cm3, μ = 5.290 cm1, F(000) = 772, the final R = 0.0271 and wR = 0.0632 for 1880 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray crystal analysis reveals that each Sm(III) atom is nine-coordinated by four oxygen atoms from two oxalate ligands and five coordinated water molecules in a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. The chain-like structure of lanthanide oxalate is reported for the first time. The fluorescent property and magnetic behavior of the title compound were investigated. The θ of –14.3(2)° and J of –0.26 cm-1 indicate antiferromagnetic interaction in the molecule.     

Specific Adhesion of 3T3‐L1 Fibroblast onto Uridine‐Containing Polystyrene

A hydrophobic 96‐well multiplate was incubated with aqueous poly(uridine 5′‐p‐styrenesulfonate) (PUSS). Analysis of the PUSS‐coated surface indicated that the surface incubated at higher polymer concentration (50 mg·mL^–1) was hydrophilic while the surface incubated at lower polymer concentration (1 mg·mL^–1) was hydrophobic. Adhesion of 3T3‐L1, which has GalTase on the cell membrane, on the hydrophobic PUSS‐coated surface was greater than on the non‐coated surface. 3T3‐L1 adhesion on the hydrophilic PUSS‐coated surface was even greater. On the other hand, the adhesion of HeLa cells, which did not show GalTase on the cell membrane, on the hydrophilic surface was quite weak. It may well be said that the 3T3‐L1 adhesion on the hydrophilic PUSS‐coated surface was GalTase‐mediated.     

Fracture mechanics of propagating 3-D fatigue cracks with parametric dislocations

Abstract

Propagation of 3-D fatigue cracks is analyzed using a discrete dislocation representation of the crack opening displacement. Three dimensional cracks are represented with Volterra dislocation loops in equilibrium with the applied external load. The stress intensity factor (SIF) is calculated using the Peach–Koehler (PK) force acting on the crack tip dislocation loop. Loading mode decomposition of the SIF is achieved by selection of Burgers vector components to correspond to each fracture mode in the PK force calculations. The interaction between 3-D cracks and free surfaces is taken into account through application of the superposition principle. A boundary integral solution of an elasticity problem in a finite domain is superposed onto the elastic field solution of the discrete dislocation method in an infinite medium. The numerical accuracy of the SIF is ascertained by comparison with known analytical solution of a 3-D crack problem in pure mode I, and for mixed-mode loading. Finally, fatigue crack growth simulations are performed with the Paris law, showing that 3-D cracks do not propagate in a self-similar shape, but they re-configure as a result of their interaction with external boundaries. A specific numerical example of fatigue crack growth is presented to demonstrate the utility of the developed method for studies of 3-D crack growth during fatigue.