激光惯性约束聚变靶制备技术研究进展

在实验室实现聚变反应释放的能量大于点燃聚变反应所需能量的阈值是当今世界ICF研究的主要目标,实现这一目标仍需要深入研究一系列的关键物理问题。在ICF研究中,制靶能力的发展与提升至关重要,靶的质量是实验成功的核心要素之一。本文介绍了国际ICF靶制备工作近年来在新型烧蚀层材料靶丸、新型靶丸支撑技术、优化黑腔材料与构型以及减小燃料填充管直径等方面取得的一系列进展,并结合ICF物理需求,简要阐述了ICF靶的发展趋势。     

Multicaloric and coupled-caloric effects

The multicaloric effect refers to the thermal response of a solid material driven by simultaneous or sequential application of more than one type of external field.For practical applications,the multicaloric effect is a potentially interesting strategy to improve the efficiency of refrigeration devices.Here,the state of the art in multi-field driven multicaloric effect is reviewed.The phenomenology and fundamental thermodynamics of the multicaloric effect are well established.A number of theoretical and experimental research approaches are covered.At present,the theoretical understanding of the multicaloric effect is thorough.However,due to the limitation of the current experimental technology,the experimental approach is still in progress.All these researches indicated that the thermal response and effective reversibility of multiferroic materials can be improved through multicaloric cycles to overcome the inherent limitations of the physical mechanisms behind single-field-induced caloric effects.Finally,the viewpoint of further developments is presented.     

杂多化合物的酸催化特性及其在有机合成反应中的应用

杂多化合物在各个研究领域中的实际应用日趋广泛。特别是在催化领域内，对杂多化合物催化性能和研究越来越引起人们的关注。本文对在均相和非均相体系中杂多化合物的酸催化的最新研究成果和应用进行了综述，对杂多化合物的酸行为进行了简要的概括，并介绍了作者在这方面的工作。     

MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF SINGLE-CHAIN POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE) PARTICLES*

Tapping mode atomic force microscope has been applied to observe single-chain PMMAparticles which were stored for six months at room temperature after sprayed from verydilute solutions in good solvents, good/poor mixed solvents, and a theta solvent. Monodis-perse PMMA standards of molecular weights ranging from 7.90×10~4 to 1.3×10~6 wereused to investigate the effect of molecular weight oh the size of the single-chain PMMAparticles. These single-chain particles showed close to spherical shapes. The morphologyof single-chain PMMA particles of a given molecular weight was found to be identical inspite of different solvents used for solution spraying. Molecular weigh dependence of theparticle dimension was also found. The diameters of single-chain PMMA particles aftercorrection of tlp-geometry effect were compared to the values estimated from molecularweight and density.     

多齿胺膦钌配合物催化苯乙酮的氢转移氢化

利用Ｃ２－对称的双胺双膦钌（Ⅱ）配合物ＲｕＣｌ２（Ｐ２Ｎ２Ｈ４）为催化剂，研究了苯乙酮的氢转移还原反应。在苯乙酮、钌配合物和异丙氧基钾的摩尔比为２００：１：１２的条件下，于６５℃反应２ｈ后，苯乙酮的转化率高达９９％。讨论了苯乙酮的氢转移氢化机理。     

绿色合成：一个逐步形成的学科前沿

绿色合成是有机合成化学面向新世纪的学科前沿。本文探讨绿色合成的目标及实现这一目标的一些可能途径。     

二(2-乙基已基)磷酸(HDEHP)萃取钴(Ⅱ)、镁的研究

本文在25±1℃时考察了HDEHP-煤油/0.1MNaCl体系对Co(Ⅱ)、Mg的萃取.     

一种新型的工程材料──膨胀石墨

膨胀石墨是一种新型的工程材料,有着日益广泛的用途。本文报道了膨胀石墨 的制备、性能,降低有害硫的方法及在工业、环保等方面的新用途。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中喹啉与异喹啉

建立了纺织品中喹啉和异喹啉的气相色谱-质谱检测方法。采用乙酸乙酯为溶剂,超声提取,经蒸发浓缩和定容后,以GC-MS测定。结果表明,喹啉和异喹啉在0.05～10.0 mg/L范围内线性良好(r0.999 0),回收率为82.0%～99.8%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.9%～3.8%;方法的定量下限为0.05 mg/kg。该方法灵敏度高、简便、高效、准确,可以满足纺织品中喹啉和异喹啉的检测需求。