高效液相色谱法检测液态奶中的苯酚类和水杨酸苯胺类抗蠕虫药

采用高效液相色谱法建立了硝碘酚腈、氯羟柳胺、氯氰碘柳胺、碘醚柳胺在液态奶中的多残留检测方法。取5 g样品,用含1%(v/v)三乙胺的乙腈提取,经MAX柱净化。以乙腈和0.02 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液(pH 4.0)作为流动相,经C18反相色谱柱分离后用紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:空白加标奶样中4种药物在5~500 μg/kg范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。空白加标奶样品的检出限(LOD)为3 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为5 μg/kg。硝碘酚腈、氯羟柳胺、氯氰碘柳胺、碘醚柳胺在1/2最高残留限量(MRL)、1倍MRL、2倍MRL添加水平下的平均回收率和相对标准偏差分别是92.20%~96.13%和5.55%~16.30%; 87.40%~94.74%和5.40%~12.21%; 86.97%~91.09%和2.67%~8.17%; 77.86%~95.36%和5.02%~13.15%。表明该检测方法简单,灵敏,适用于液态奶中水杨酸苯胺类多残留的定量分析检测。     

The effects of sapphire nitridation on GaN growth by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition

In situ optical reflectivity measurements are employed to monitor the GaN epilayer growth process above a low-temperature GaN buffer layer on a c-plane sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. It is found that the lateral growth of the GaN islands and their coalescence are promoted in the initial growth stage if optimized nitridation time and temperature are selected when the substrate is pre-exposed to ammonia. As confirmed by atomic force microscopy observations, the quality of the GaN epilayers is closely dependent on the surface morphology of the nitridated buffer layer, especially grain size and nucleation density.     

不同类风场雨滴冲击荷载对输变电塔线体系动力响应的影响研究

输变电塔体系遭受风雨耦合作用破坏时常将原因归于风荷载,忽略了雨荷载耦合激励的放大效应。针对某输电线路“一塔两线”体系模型,以数值方法模拟良态风雨场与湿下击暴流场的风雨时程荷载,分别对塔线体系进行动力响应分析,结果表明：降雨对输电塔线体系的响应,具有显著影响,随着雨强变大,塔线体系响应增大明显;在极值降雨条件下,湿下击暴流场塔顶位移增幅最大,在X向和Y向分别达到31.30%和33.93%;两种风雨场中塔顶位移及加速度功率谱密度均出现明显增幅,体系共振响应增强,塔身关键位置主材应力分别增大了11.64%、37.07%;在不同类风场中,强降雨时雨滴冲击对塔线体系产生的激励增大作用不可忽略。     

超临界压力煤油传热不稳定实验研究

在压力2.5~4 MPa, 质量流量0.7~1.7g/s, 入口温度20~250 ℃的实验条件下, 对煤油在内径1 mm, 长度300 mm竖直上升圆管中的流动及传热不稳定现象进行了实验研究.结果表明, 当热流密度增大到一定程度后, 传热不稳定开始发生.不稳定发生的起始热流密度随压力和流量的增加而增大, 随入口油温的升高而减小, 且当入口油温升高到一定程度后无不稳定现象发生.不稳定发生的初始时刻, 出口油温迅速增加, 管道壁温明显下降, 传热系数增大; 实验段局部流速增大, 进而在管道内部形成压力脉动并产生声音.不稳定结束后, 出口油温几乎保持不变, 壁温会缓慢增加, 直至下一次不稳定发生.      

Complete low-frequency bandgap in a two-dimensional phononic crystal with spindle-shaped inclusions

A two-dimensional phononic crystal(PC) structure possessing a relatively low frequency range of complete bandgap is presented. The structure is composed of periodic spindle-shaped plumbum inclusions in a rubber matrix which forms a square lattice. The dispersion relation, transmission spectrum and displacement field are studied using the finite element method in conjunction with the Bloch theorem. Numerical results show that the present PC structure can achieve a large complete bandgap in a relatively low frequency range compared with two inclusions of different materials, which is useful in low-frequency noise and vibration control and can be designed as a low frequency acoustic filter and waveguides. Moreover,the transmission spectrum and effective mass are evaluated to validate the obtained band structure. It is interesting to see that within the band gap the effective mass becomes negative, resulting in an imaginary wave speed and wave exponential attenuation. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the effect of geometrical parameters of the presented PC structure on the lowest bandgap is performed to investigate the variations of the bandgap width and frequency.     

Effects of polarization and p-type GaN resistivity on the spectral response of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well solar cells

Effects of polarization and p-type GaN resistivity on the spectral response of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well(MQW) solar cells are investigated. It is found that due to the reduction of piezoelectric polarization and the enhancement of tunneling transport of photo-generated carriers in MQWs, the external quantum efficiency(EQE) of the solar cells increases in a low energy spectral range(λ 370 nm) when the barrier thickness value decreases from 15 nm to 7.5 nm. But the EQE decreases abruptly when the barrier thickness value decreases down to 3.75 nm. The reasons for these experimental results are analyzed. We are aware that the reduction of depletion width in MQW region, caused by the high resistivity of the p-type GaN layer may be the main reason for the abnormally low EQE value at long wavelengths(λ 370 nm).     

基于自适应状态聚集Q学习的移动机器人动态规划方法

针对现有移动机器人路径规划方法存在的收敛速度慢和难以进行在线规划的问题,研究了一种基于状态聚集SOM网和带资格迹Q学习的移动机器人路径动态规划方法——SQ(λ);首先,设计了系统的总体闭环规划模型,将整个系统分为前端(状态聚集)和后端(路径规划);然后,在传统的SOM基础上增加输出层构建出三层的SOM网实现对移动机器人状态的聚集,并给出了三层SOM网的训练算法;最后,基于聚集的状态提出了一种基于带资格迹和探索因子自适应变化的改进Q学习算法实现最优策略的获取,并能根据改进Q学习算法的收敛速度自适应地控制前端SOM输出层神经元的增减,从而改进整体算法的收敛性能;仿真实验表明:文中设计的SQ(λ)能有效地实现移动机器人的路径规划,较其它算法相比,具有收敛速度快和寻优能力强的优点,具有较大的优越性。     

三角缺口正三角形纳米结构的共振模式

设计了一个三角缺口三角形破缺纳米结构,它是从正三角形底边切掉一个三角切片所构成.应用离散偶极子近似方法研究了其消光光谱及表面电场分布.结果发现,该破缺纳米结构的消光光谱中出现了具有Fano共振的线形.分析表明,这个Fano共振线形是由绑定与反绑定混合表面等离激元模式相互作用所致.研究了三角缺口三角形纳米结构的结构参数对Fano共振的影响.     

发酵与动态高压微射流对豆渣膳食纤维理化特性的影响

采用乳酸菌发酵结合动态高压微射流(Dynamic High Pressure Microfluidization,DHPM)技术,对豆渣进行改性,探讨其对膳食纤维组成、水化性质、持油力、胆汁酸结合能力及阳离子交换能力的影响。结果表明:乳酸菌发酵和DHPM均可有效提高豆渣中可溶性膳食纤维的含量,并降低不可溶性膳食纤维的含量,使可溶性与不可溶性膳食纤维含量的比值最大达到1∶2.6;乳酸菌发酵和DHPM能明显改善膳食纤维的水化性质和持油力,但对阳离子交换能力的影响不显著;乳酸菌发酵使豆渣膳食纤维结合胆汁酸的能力下降,而DHPM则使之升高。乳酸菌发酵和DHPM可以作为提高膳食纤维生理功能的有效途径。     

利用反射全息实现计算全息三维显示

计算全息和光学全息都可应用于三维显示,但各有自己的优势和缺陷.将计算全息和光学反射全息相结合,可以突破光学全息对记录物体的限制,进行虚拟物体或自然场景的全息图的制作,同时可以实现白光再现.本文首先用三维扫描仪获得实际物体的三维数据,用"点云算法"模拟得到其菲涅耳全息图透射率数据,采用计算全息打印机将其输出于全息记录介质,得到可光学再现的菲涅耳计算全息图H₁.然后将H₁作为光学全息的记录物体进行反射全息记录,将平面全息转化为体全息,实现了计算全息白光再现.