碳包裹软磁金属纳米粒子的绿色合成及热稳定性研究

本文报道了一种制备碳包裹软磁金属纳米粒子的绿色合成方法:将金属醋酸盐溶液与可溶性淀粉均匀混合,蒸发、烘干后在N2保护下热处理,得到金属纳米复合粒子(C@Ni,C@Co,C@Fe,C@CoNi,C@CoFe,C@FeNi)。TEM结果表明金属粒子均匀分散在碳介质中,粒径为3~5 nm。样品在室温下具有良好的抗氧化性、热稳定性和软磁性能。     

Physical analysis of normally-off ALD Al2O3/GaN MOSFET with different substrates using self-terminating thermal oxidation-assisted wet etching technique

Based on the self-terminating thermal oxidation-assisted wet etching technique, two kinds of enhancement mode Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/GaN MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) separately with sapphire substrate and Si substrate are prepared. It is found that the performance of sapphire substrate device is better than that of silicon substrate. Comparing these two devices, the maximum drain current of sapphire substrate device (401 mA/mm) is 1.76 times that of silicon substrate device (228 mA/mm), and the field-effect mobility ($\mu_{\rm FEmax}$) of sapphire substrate device (176 cm$^{2}$/V$\cdot$s) is 1.83 times that of silicon substrate device (96 cm$^{2}$/V$\cdot$s). The conductive resistance of silicon substrate device is 21.2 $\Omega {\cdot }$mm, while that of sapphire substrate device is only 15.2 $\Omega {\cdot }$mm, which is 61% that of silicon substrate device. The significant difference in performance between sapphire substrate and Si substrate is related to the differences in interface and border trap near Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/GaN interface. Experimental studies show that (i) interface/border trap density in the sapphire substrate device is one order of magnitude lower than in the Si substrate device, (ii) Both the border traps in Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ dielectric near Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/GaN and the interface traps in Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/GaN interface have a significantly effect on device channel mobility, and (iii) the properties of gallium nitride materials on different substrates are different due to wet etching. The research results in this work provide a reference for further optimizing the performances of silicon substrate devices.     

Real-time programmable coding metasurface antenna for multibeam switching and scanning

Novel electromagnetic wave modulation by programmable dynamic metasurface promotes the device design freedom, while multibeam antennas have sparked tremendous interest in wireless communications. A programmable coding antenna based on active metasurface elements (AMSEs) is proposed in this study, allowing scanning and state switching of multiple beams in real time. To obtain the planar array phase distribution in quick response, the aperture field superposition and discretization procedures are investigated. Without the need for a massive algorithm or elaborate design, this electronically controlled antenna with integrated radiation and phase-shift functions can flexibly manipulate the scattering state of multiple beams under field-programmable gate array (FPGA) control. Simulation and experimental results show that the multiple directional beams dynamically generated in the metasurface upper half space have good radiation performance, with the main lobe directions closely matching the predesigned angles. This metasurface antenna has great potential for future applications in multitarget radar, satellite navigation, and reconfigurable intelligent metasurfaces.     

高能量全光纤2 μm掺铥脉冲光纤激光器

基于增益开关技术获得了稳定的高能量全光纤结构2 m脉冲光纤激光器,脉冲重复频率在10~50 kHz之间可调,输出激光中心波长为1958 nm,输出脉冲宽度随着泵浦功率的增加不断减小,其变化范围为1.2~1.7 s。采用两级掺铥光纤放大器对种子激光进行放大,当脉冲重复频率为10 kHz时,获得了5.18 W的输出平均功率,输出脉冲宽度为1.6 s,单脉冲能量为0.518 mJ。     

离散差分序列变质量Hamilton系统的Lie对称性与Noether守恒量

本文研究离散差分序列变质量Hamilton系统的Lie对称性与Noether守恒量. 构建了离散差分序列变质量Hamilton系统的差分动力学方程, 给出了离散差分序列变质量Hamilton系统差分动力学方程在无限小变 换群下的Lie对称性的确定方程和定义, 得到了离散力学系统Lie对称性导致Noether守恒量的条件及形式, 举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 离散力学 Hamilton系统 Lie对称性 Noether守恒量     

激光陀螺本征模偏振态与磁敏感特性的理论研究

环境磁场的干扰是影响激光陀螺精度的重要因素之一. 为了减小二频机械抖动激光陀螺的磁敏感性, 推导了环形腔的琼斯矩阵, 其中考虑了非共面角、增益介质、腔损耗、腔镜反射各向异性和应力双折射, 采用矩阵本征问题求解的摄动理论分析了环形腔的偏振态和磁敏感特性. 研究表明, 为了减小激光陀螺的磁敏感性, 应减小非共面角和腔损耗, 增大腔镜的反射各向异性. 腔镜应力双折射究竟会增大还是减小磁敏感性与应力作用主轴、受应力腔镜的位置有关, 此外它还会引起顺时针和逆时针模式之间的偏振非互易性. 磁敏感性与腔失谐近似成线性关系, 导致激光陀螺工作于增益峰值时磁敏感性并非最小. 这些结果对减小二频机械抖动激光陀螺的磁敏感性具有较好的指导意义. 关键词： 激光陀螺 磁敏感性 椭圆度 琼斯矩阵     

Dynamic measurement of beam divergence angle of different fields of view of scanning lidar

The laser beam divergence angle is one of the important parameters to evaluate the quality of the laser beam.It can not only accurately indicate the nature of the beam divergence when the laser beam is transmitted over a long distance,but also objectively evaluate the performance of the laser system.At present,lidar has received a lot of attention as a core component of environment awareness technology.Micro-electromechanical system(MEMS)micromirror has become the first choice for three-dimensional imaging lidar because of its small size and fast scanning speed.However,due to the small size of the MEMS micromirror,the lidar scanning system has a small field of view(FOV).In order to achieve a wide range of scanning imaging,collimating optical system and wide-angle optical system are generally added to the system.However,due to the inherent properties of the optical lens,it is impossible to perfect the imaging,so the effects of collimating and expanding the beam will be different at different angles.This article aims to propose a measurement system that dynamically measures the divergence angles of MEMS scanning lidar beams in different fields of view to objectively evaluate the performances of scanning lidar systems.     

用于空间目标偏振探测的望远镜系统偏振分析

基于地基大口径自适应望远镜构建成像偏振探测系统,可以同时获取空间目标的光强和偏振图像,将光强信息和偏振信息相结合,能为空间目标的探测和识别提供更多依据。现有的1.23m自适应望远镜在设计时并未采用保偏设计,在开展观测研究前需得到光学系统的偏振传输特性。但目前难以直接对大口径望远镜进行偏振标定,为了分析1.23m自适应望远镜光学系统的偏振传输特性,基于相干矩阵和光线追迹法建立了望远镜系统偏振传输特性分析模型。仿真得出了1.23m自适应望远镜光学系统的偏振传输特性,发现光学系统会引入较大的偏振探测偏差。为减小偏振探测偏差,给出了一个可行的保偏改进方案,并通过已建立的模型验证了该方案的有效性。     

不均匀组织ER8车轮滚动接触疲劳性能研究

针对含不均匀组织ER8车轮服役过程中过早出现滚动接触疲劳(RCF)损伤这一实际问题,通过RCF试验,获得了车轮不均匀组织和正常组织的RCF极限;利用光学显微镜(OM)和透射电镜(TEM)重点表征了RCF裂纹萌生处的微观组织. 借助扫描电镜(SEM)和原位拉伸试验台测试了两种组织的弹、塑性能并原位观察了裂纹的扩展行为. 结果表明:车轮踏面不均匀组织的RCF极限低于轮辋正常组织,不均匀组织中除车轮正常组织应有的珠光体和先共析铁素体组织外,还存在大量的上贝氏体,上贝氏体的存在破坏了车轮正常组织的连续均匀性. RCF裂纹的萌生和扩展主要发生在上贝和正常组织的边界处,上贝氏体的硬度、弹性高于正常组织,但塑性小于正常组织,在相同接触应力作用下,两者弹-塑性变形的不协调是导致其组织边界处产生应力集中,进而诱发并促进疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,加速车轮RCF损伤出现的主要原因.      

合理联想,走出定式,追求自然——一道九上期末试题的分析及教学思考

一、试题立意到九年级上学期期末,学生已经学完了初中数学"几何与图形"板块中所有直线形的相关知识,积累了较多的几何计算、推理的方法.在本学年上学期期末,我们根据学生的学习情况命制了这样一道试题:如图,四边形ABCD是平行四边形,△ABE是等边三角形,连接DE.CF⊥DE,垂足为点F.