茶多酚的功效、提取和应用前景

介绍了茶多酚的一般特性和生理功效;探讨了茶多酚的有机溶液提取法,金属离子沉淀法和树脂吸附法三种较为广泛应用的提取方法,并涉及到超临界流体萃取这种正处于积极开发阶段的新型分离技术,及其微波提取技术和超声辅助提取法.茶多酚作为油脂食品的抗氧化剂、功能食品的添加剂以及在医药保健品和美容化妆品等方面得到越来越广泛的应用.     

Conformational statistics of polymer chain terminally attached to wall (I)——NRW model tail chain

The simplest form of a polymer chain adsorbed on a solid surface is that the polymer chain has only one end group attached to the surface, i.e. the polymer chain forms the "tail" conformation. In the present work, the problem was simplified as the random walk confined in the half-infinite space and studied systematically. The conformational distribution functions of the model tail chain in different dimensions were obtained. It has been found that the ratio of the conformational number of the model tail chains to that of the free chains varies as a power function N-12 when the chain length N→∞. It has also been proved that for the tail chain the component of the mean square end-to-end distance in the normal direction of the confined boundary is doubled and the other components are constant in comparison with the case of the free chain.     

Correlated insulating phases in the twisted bilayer graphene

We review analytical and numerical studies of correlated insulating states in twisted bilayer graphene, focusing on real-space lattice models constructions and their unbiased quantum many-body solutions. We show that by constructing localized Wannier states for the narrow bands, the projected Coulomb interactions can be approximated by interactions of cluster charges with assisted nearest neighbor hopping terms. With the interaction part only, the Hamiltonian is SU(4)symmetric considering both spin and valley degrees of freedom. In the strong coupling limit where the kinetic terms are neglected, the ground states are found to be in the SU(4) manifold with degeneracy. The kinetic terms, treated as perturbation, break this large SU(4) symmetry and propel the appearance of intervalley coherent state, quantum topological insulators, and other symmetry-breaking insulating states. We first present the theoretical analysis of moiré lattice model construction and then show how to solve the model with large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations in an unbiased manner. We further provide potential directions such that from the real-space model construction and its quantum many-body solutions how the perplexing yet exciting experimental discoveries in the correlation physics of twisted bilayer graphene can be gradually understood. This review will be helpful for the readers to grasp the fast growing field of the model study of twisted bilayer graphene.     

基于穷举-粒子群算法的大功率LED四热阻模型研究

针对目前LED寿命难以准确评估的问题,从LED热阻出发,将穷举法(Exhaustive Attack method,EAM)和粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)相结合,提出了基于穷举-粒子群算法的大功率LED四热阻模型。建立了LED的四热阻模型和系统约束条件,实现了LED热阻系统满足LED计算结温与实际结温差最小的优化目标。实验结果表明:EAM-PSO算法能有效解决LED四热阻计算问题,与LED两热阻模型算法比较,EAM-PSO算法能够更加准确的评估LED寿命。     

膳食纤维的生理功能特性以及在食品中的应用

文章讨论了膳食纤维的生理特性、生理功能以及它们之间的关系;同时阐述了目前已经开发的各种膳食纤维产品和它们在未来食品加工中的发展前景.     

地上地下商场声环境满意度评价与比较研究

为了解地上地下商场消费者对声环境的感受及不同,对哈尔滨四个典型商场进行了现场调研与主观评价。利用主因子法分析了声音识别,结果表明音乐声是主要成分。回归分析表明声环境满意度评价与测试声压级LAeq有较强的相关性,声音总体评价为"一般"。声环境满意度评价,整体上地上商场略好于地下商场,空间开敞、环境较好则评价也较好;同一商场较低楼层不如较高楼层;不同空间则是扁平空间优于长空间、营业空间不如休闲空间。     

金属-有机框架材料在催化炔烃半氢化反应中的应用

炔烃的半氢化反应在有机合成和精细化工领域具有重要地位,如何同时兼顾反应活性和选择性仍存在很大挑战。目前已有多种材料被应用于相关催化,其中金属-有机骨架(MOFs)及其复合材料受到越来越多关注。MOFs的多孔性、结构可修饰性、空间限域效应、协同催化等优点,使其在炔烃的半氢化反应中表现出独特的应用前景。本文综述了MOFs及其复合材料在炔烃的半氢化反应生成烯烃过程中的应用,主要根据活性催化位点的类别展开介绍,重点阐述了不同体系中催化效果和结构之间的关系。     

气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱和气相色谱-串联质谱对水果、蔬菜中208种农药残留筛查确证能力的对比

对比研究了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)与气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(GC-QTOF/MS)在水果、蔬菜中208种农药多残留检测中基质效应及方法学效能的差异,提出两种仪器在农药残留检测方面的特点和适用范围,为残留检测分析提供参考。在苹果、柑橘、番茄、黄瓜4种基质,3个添加浓度(5.0、10.0和20.0 μg/kg)下,两种仪器中均有93.0%以上的农药回收率在70%~120%范围内且相对标准偏差(RSD)≤20%(n=5)。检测灵敏度方面,绝大部分农药在两种仪器的检出限均低于5.0 μg/kg,满足各国农药残留限量的要求,且GC-MS/MS灵敏度更高,线性范围更宽,定量能力更加准确。筛查确证方面,GC-QTOF/MS在快速、高通量筛查、准确定性及非目标化合物鉴定等方面表现出了优势。     

基于CAD平台的周期性材料单胞的参数化形状优化设计方法

对于具有特定材料属性的周期性复合材料设计,提出了一种参数化的形状优化方法。对于带有周期性结构的两相材料,给定细观单胞结构的基本构型,通过参数化的实体造型技术,结合均匀化方法,实现了通用的材料单胞形状参数化设计方法,以获取指定材料性能。在参数化结构形状优化设计CAD/CAE集成平台POSHAPE上完成程序实现。文中算例给出了两相蜂窝型骨架复合材料和空心复合材料周期性单胞的零泊松比和指定参数性质的形状优化设计过程,并验证了本文方法的有效性。     

使用ECR等离子体沉积和刻蚀非晶碳薄膜

用苯作源气体在一个微波电子回旋共振等离子体系统中沉积了含氢非晶碳薄膜,研究了沉积参数对膜的生长速率的影响.为了探索该种薄膜在干刻蚀工艺过程中用作掩膜的可能性,还研究了它在氧等离子体中的刻蚀性能.结果表明非晶碳膜对于氧等离子体具有高的抗刻蚀性,其刻蚀率不仅与刻蚀的过程参量有关,而且决定于膜的沉积条件.