1H-苯并三唑-1-乙酸稀土配合物的合成、表征及性质

溶液法合成了铕、铽与1H-苯并三唑-1-乙酸及1,10-邻菲啰啉的稀土配合物。通过元素分析、稀土配位滴定、摩尔电导、红外光谱、紫外光谱等手段对配合物进行了表征。结果表明,配合物的可能组成为Ln(L)3phen(Ln=Eu(III),Tb(III);HL=1H-苯并三唑-1-乙酸,Hbtaa;phen=1,10-邻菲啰啉)。利用荧光光谱、热分析和电化学方法讨论了配合物性质。荧光光谱表明配合物均有较好的发光性能。     

Measurement of Slopes of a Deformed Object Corresponding to Different Directions with Digital Holography

A digital holographic method that can be used for the simultaneous measurement of slopes of a deformed object in different directions is described in this paper. In this method, two holograms are recorded numerically under the normal and deformed states of the specimen, and two object waves are numerically calculated from these two holograms. The slopes corresponding to different directions are measured by superposing the two object waves with appropriate shifts. It is a superior method in regard to the simple experiment setup, the flexibility in handing the data, and the high quality phase maps.     

Influence of laser intensity in second-harmonic detection with tunable diode laser multi-pass absorption spectroscopy

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy （TDLAS） has been widely employed in atmospheric trace gases detection. The ratio of the second-harmonic signal to the intensity of laser beam incident to the multi-pass cell is proved to be proportional to the product of the path length and the gas concentration under any condition. A new calibration method based on this relation in TDLAS system for the measurement of trace gas concentration is proposed for the first time. The detection limit and the sensitivity of the system are below 110 and 31ppbv （parts-per-billion in volume）, respectively.     

Measurement of Slopes of a Deformed Object Corresponding to Different Directions with Digital Holography

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High-contrast imaging for weakly diffracting specimens in coherent diffraction imaging

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) and ptychography techniques bypass the difficulty of having high-quality optics in X-ray microscopy by using a numerical reconstruction of the image that is obtained by inverting the diffracted intensity recorded by a charge-coupled device array. However, the reconstruction of the image from the intensity data obtained from a weakly diffracting specimen is known to be difficult because of the obvious reduction in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this case, the specimen only slightly modifies the probe diffraction pattern, resulting in difficulty in the identification of the detailed structure of the specimen from the reconstructed image because of the poor contrast and sharpness of the image. To address this situation, a modification in the image retrieval algorithms used in the iterative reconstruction of the image is suggested. This modification should double the presence of high spatial frequencies in the diffraction pattern to enhance the contrast and edge detection in existing imaging techniques.     

面光源矩形匀光照明反射器数学建模分析

通常反射器照明器件结构对面光源出射光线难以有效控制,用透镜又存在不可避免的色散问题。采用面光源置于反射器杯口,出光面背对目标面的结构,提出一种分点、分区控制光线的自由曲面反射器的设计方法。利用有限元法划分面光源,将微面光源视为点光源,根据矩形匀光照明配光条件,建立面光源与目标面的能量对应关系。根据微分几何理论和Snell定律,建立反射器的数学模型,只要给定参数,无需进行反馈优化,即可用Matlab软件给出自由曲面反射器的数值解。以台灯照明为例,用光学设计软件对其性能进行了模拟应用分析,结果表明,在有效照明区域内均匀度可达到80%以上,光能利用率达到90%。     

基于SelPSO算法的紧凑型照明器件优化方法

提出一种基于自然选择的粒子群算法(SelPSO)的扩展光源匀透镜设计方法。该方法通过DDE技术,将TracePro的光线追迹功能与Matlab的信息处理功能有机结合,建立以点光源透镜轮廓为对象的优化模型,进而利用加入平滑度约束的SelPSO算法对模型进行全局优化。以h/d=2.5∶1的紧凑型匀光透镜为例,结果表明:SelPSO算法与PSO算法在相同参数下进行优化,SelPSO算法具有更强且更快的全局收敛能力,优化后透镜表面光滑易加工,且均匀度、光效分别达到87.566%、89.536%;对透镜安装公差进行分析后,将横向、纵向位移误差分别控制在[0 mm,2 mm]内,对照明效果产生的影响较小;此方法还具有较强普适性,可针对不同照明范围的照明系统进行优化,且整体照明效果良好。     

玻碳电极表面复合配位银电结晶机理研究

以具有实际应用价值的复合配位体系无氰镀银电解液为研究对象, 运用循环伏安和电位阶跃等实验方法, 结合 Scharifker-Hill 经典理论模型分析, 成功获得了Ag在玻碳电极（GCE）表面电沉积的成核机理及成核动力学参数, 并分析了温度对成核方式及成核动力学参数的影响. 结果表明, 该体系下Ag在GCE表面的电沉积是由扩散控制的不可逆过程, 遵循三维瞬时成核生长机理. 随着阶跃电位从-750 mV 负移至-825 mV, 峰值还原电流Im逐渐增大, 达到峰值还原电流所需时间tm逐渐缩短; 扩散系数D变化不大, 基本稳定在（7.61±0.34）×10^-5 cm²·s^-1; 成核密度数N₀则从3.26 ×10⁵ cm^-2提高至10.2×10⁵ cm^-2. 银沉积初期的形貌观察, 验证了其三维瞬时成核生长机理. 提高温度可以显著改善电解液中具备活性的银配位离子的扩散能力, 缩短成核时间, 提升成核密度数N0.     

云层对卫星遥感大气CO的影响与修正方法研究

研究云层对卫星遥感大气CO精度的影响,并以SCIAMACHY观测为例,详细论述一种云层影响的修正方法。修正过程中,采用朗伯云模型,全面考虑云层覆盖率、云顶高度和地面反射率的影响。将云层影响修正前后的卫星CO反演结果与地基FTIR测量值进行对比,发现修正云层影响后,两者的测量相关性明显提高。实验结果表明,提出的云层影响修正方法可明显提高卫星遥感大气CO的精度。     

照明方式对PIE成像质量影响的研究

系统研究了照明光的波前曲率对PIE成像分辨力的影响,证明采用弯曲波前的照明光可以显著提升PIE对随机噪声和量化误差的抗干扰能力,从而能够使重建图像的分辨力提高3倍以上,为实际实验中照明光的选择提供了指导。