Shock Melting Temperature of Initially Porous Iron and Indication for Melting Curve of Iron at High Pressures

The melting curve of iron is crucial for modelling of the earth‘s internal heat structures and to understand melting of solids at high pressures. However, the measured melting temperatures of iron at high pressures are disparate so far. We measured the shocked interface (porous iron/sapphire window) temperatures of a kind of porous iron.By using a model for shock temperature measurement [High Pressures Res. 2 (1990) 159] and the previous results of sound velocity measurements [Chin. Phys. Lett. 18 (2001) 852], we determine the melting temperatures of iron at shock compression high pressures of 145 and 171 GPa. They are consistent with the results reported by other shock compression experiments. Based on the possible different melting mechanisms of iron in diamond anvil cell and in shock compression, the corrected melting temperatures of iron at high pressures become more consistent.     

组合优化算法在冲击温度反演中的应用

冲击物理温度是武器弹药性能测试、极端环境材料状态的重要参量,温度的精准获取在国防建设和工业制造领域有重要意义。冲击过程由于持续时间短、较难接触式测量以及温度范围广等特性,常规测温方法较难满足要求。利用多光谱辐射测温法,获取材料辐射强度值,以普朗克辐射定律为基础建立温度反演模型,从而获取目标的冲击物理温度值。实际中,由于不同目标发射率存在一定随机性,在模型反演温度时误差较大。冲击压缩下材料的结构可能发生相变,发射率随之变化,因此直接将发射率模型假定用于冲击物理温度求解,很难准确的获取温度值。基于约束优化理论,将多光谱测温实验中温度求解问题转为约束优化问题。针对每个通道获取到的温度值应该相同,将物体发射率限制在特定范围,利用约束优化算法计算获取目标温度和发射率,克服了未知发射率对于冲击物理温度求解的障碍。同时,将平衡优化器算法(EO)与序列二次规划法(SQP)相结合应用于温度模型的求解中,避免了单一算法求解稳定性差和速度慢的缺点,提高了温度反演的效率和准确性。对四种常见的发射率模型在3 000 K时的发射率数据进行了仿真验证,结果表明温度反演误差均小于1%,反演时间小于3 s。最后利用本算...     

A fiber-array probe technique for measuring the viscosity of a substance under shock compression

A fiber-array probe is designed to measure the damping behavior of a small perturbed shock wave in an opaque substance, by which the effective viscosity of substance under the condition of high temperature and high pressure can be constrained according to the flyer-impact technique. It shows that the measurement precision of the shock arrival time by using this technique is within 2 ns. To easily compare with the results given by electrical pin technique, the newly developed method is used to investigate the effective viscosity of aluminum （Al）. The shear viscosity coefficient of A1 is determined to be 1700 Pa.s at 71 GPa with a strain rate of 3.6× 10^6 s-1, which is in good agreement with the results of other methods. The advantage of the new technique over the electrical pin one is that it is applicable for studying the non-conductive substances.     

液态氦冲击压缩性理论计算

 采用孤立氦原子两体排斥势和微扰变分液体理论计算了液态氦一次和二次冲击压缩曲线。与文献[4]实验结果比较发现,在相同体积下,理论计算压力偏高30%~50%,表明高温高密度状态下,氦原子间的等效排斥势比孤立氦原子两体排斥势低很多。文中分析讨论了引起液态氦在高压下异常“软化”现象的可能机制和理论处理方法。     

A Direct Comparison between Static and Dynamic Melting Temperature Determinations below 100 GPa

A preliminary experiment of sound velocity measurements for porous iron with initial average density of 6.275 g/cm^3 has been performed at pressures below 100 CPa, in order to clarify a long-standing problem that the static melting temperature Tin, mostly below 100CPa due to its technical limitations, is notably lower than the extrapolated melting data inferred from the shock wave experiments made above 200 CPa, for the sake of making a direct comparison between the experimental static and dynamic melting temperatures in the same pressure region. With the lately proposed Hugoniot sound velocity data analysis technique [Chin. Phys. Left. 22 (2005) 863], the results deduced from this Hugoniot sound velocity measurement is Tm = 3200 K at 87 CPa and Tm = 3080 K at 80 GPa, which are in good agreement with the two latest static data of Tm = 3510 K at 105 GPa and Tm = 2750 K at 58 GPa, which utilized modern improved double-side laser heating and in situ accurate x-ray diffraction techniques in experiments. It can be concluded that consensus Tm data would be obtained from static and shock wave experiments in the case that the recently improved techniques are adopted in investigations.     

Theoretics-directed effect of copper or aluminum content on the ductility characteristics of Al-based(Al_3Ti,AlTi,AlCu,AlTiCu_2)intermetallic compounds

First-principle simulations have been applied to investigate the effect of copper(Cu) or aluminum(Al) content on the ductility of Al_3Ti,AlTi,AlCu,and AlTiCu_2 alloys.The mechanical stable and elastic properties of Al-based intermetallic compounds are researched by density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation(DFT-GGA).The calculated lattice constants are in conformity with the previous experimental and theoretical data.The deduced elastic constants show that the investigated Al_3Ti,AlTi,AlCu,and AlTiCu_2 structures are mechanically stable.Shear modulus,Young's modulus,Poisson's ratio,and the ratio B/G have also been figured out by using reckoned elastic constants.A further analysis of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio reveals that the third added element copper content has significant effects on the Al-Ti-based ICs ductile character.     

Viscosity of aluminum under shock-loading conditions

A reliable data treatment method is critical for viscosity measurements using the disturbance amplitude damping method of shock waves. In this paper the finite difference method is used to obtain the numerical solutions for the disturbance amplitude damping behaviour of the sinusoidal shock front in a flyer-impact experiment. The disturbance amplitude damping curves are used to depict the numerical solutions of viscous flow. By fitting the experimental data to the numerical solutions of different viscosities, we find that the effective shear viscosity coefficients of shocked aluminum at pressures of 42, 78 and 101 GPa are (1500±100) Pa · s, (2800±100) Pa · s and (3500±100) Pa · s respectively. It is clear that the shear viscosity of aluminum increases with an increase in shock pressure, so aluminum does not melt below a shock pressure of 101 GPa. This conclusion is consistent with the sound velocity measurement.     

多孔铁冲击温度的分子动力学模拟

 采用Matsui和Anderson提出的Morse型有效原子对势及导带电子热激发能贡献，通过分子动力学方法（MD）对多孔铁的冲击温度进行了数值模拟。计算时，采用了在一定冲击压力下多孔铁样品已转变为均匀介质的近似。多孔铁冲击温度的模拟结果与经合理修正后的热力学计算结果相一致。这个结果表明：在一定的冲击压力下，多孔材料样品确实存在一个热力学平衡状态下的温度值。以上结论可能也适用于更高孔隙率的样品，当然这一观点还需要更多的实验结果给予证实。     

压力对碳氢氧超临界流体中碳的溶解度的影响

 采用统计热力学方法，利用CHEQ程序对5.5～7.7 GPa的压力和1 000～2 900 K温度下碳加水体系中碳的溶解度进行了计算。重点研究了石墨和金刚石在水中溶解度差与压力的关系，得出如下结果：（1）在一定压力下，使石墨和金刚石在水中的溶解度之差ΔX(C)为正值的温度有确定的下限和上限。（2）在高温高压下，对每一个压力，石墨和金刚石在水中的溶解度之差ΔX(C)都有一个极大值。使ΔX(C)为极大值的温度随着压力的升高而增大，同时，溶解度差的极大值本身也随压力的升高而增大。     

Structure and visible photoluminescence of Sm3+, Dy3+ and Tm3+ doped c-axis oriented AlN films

Visible photoluminescence (PL) has been observed from rare earth (Tm, Sm and Dy)-doped AlN films grown by radio-frequency magnetron reactive sputtering. X-ray diffraction indicates that the films are c-axis-oriented hexagonal wurtzite type structure with an average crystal size of about 80--110nm. Room-temperature PL spectra indicate that the blue emission is due to the transition of ¹D₂ to ³F₄ and ¹G₂ to ³H₆ intra 4f electron of Tm³⁺, the yellow emissions of AlN:Sm are due to ⁴G_5/2 to the ⁶H_J (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, 11/2) and the reddish emissions of AlN:Dy correspond to the ⁴F_9/2 to ⁶H_J (J = 15/2, 13/2, 11/2 and 9/2) and ⁶F_11/2 transitions.