科研求学道路上的点滴体会和感想

<正>今年的"三·八"国际妇女节,《物理》编辑部向我约稿,希望我从女生自身的角度说说物理,对此我感到非常荣幸!可说实话,答应下来我有些犯难,因为我的经历并不复杂,在同一所大学读了本科,然后继续读硕士、博士,留校,出国做两年博士后,再回来,一直到现在。但是,我在科研求学道路上有些体会和感想,就在这里和大家分享吧,希望能对年青的学子们,特别是有学术追求的学妹们,有所启发和帮助。     

Structural Evolution of D5h（1）-C90 under High Pressure:A Mediate Allotrope of Nanocarbon from Zero-Dimensional Fullerene to One-Dimensional Nanotube

The hybridization of fullerene and nanotube structures in newly isolated C₉₀ with the D_{5 h} symmetric group(D_{5 h}（1）-C₉₀) provides an ideal model as a mediating allotrope of nanocarbon from zero-dimensional（OD） fullerene to one-dimensional nanotube.Raman and infrared spectroscopy combined with classical molecular dynamics simulation were used to investigate the structural evolution of D_{5 h}（1）-C₉₀ at ambient and high pressure up to35...     

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定粉煤灰中的镓

采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸分解粉煤灰样品,以电感耦合等离子体-原发射光谱法测定粉煤灰中镓含量.探讨硝酸和氢氟酸的用量,溶解温度及引入盐酸溶样对测定镓含量的影响.该法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好等优点,回收率为94.45％-105.40％,方法的精密度RSD为3.1％.     

高功率脉冲非平衡磁控溅射放电特性和参数研究

用线圈电流控制非平衡磁场,用汤森放电击穿形成深度自触发放电,用磁阱捕获放电形成的二次电子和导致漂移电流,形成了高功率非平衡磁控溅射放电。采用偏压为-100V相对磁控靶放置的圆形平面电极收集饱和离子电流;在距离磁控靶14cm的位置由Langmuir探针测量浮置电位;示波器测量磁控靶的脉冲电压、电流、浮置电位和饱和离子电流信号。装置的放电脉冲功率达到0.9MW,脉冲频率最大值为40Hz左右,空间电荷限制条件是控制电子电流和离子电流的主要机制。     

Controllable synthesis of fullerene nano/microcrystals and their structural transformation induced by high pressure

Fullerene molecules are interesting materials because of their unique structures and properties in mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical aspects. Current research is focusing on the construction of well-defined fullerene nano/microcrystals that possess desirable structures and morphologies. Further tuning the intermolecular interaction of the fullerene nano/microcrystals by use of pressure is an efficient way to modify their structures and properties, such as creation of nanoscale polymer structures and new hybrid materials, which expands the potential of such nanoscale materials for di- rect device components. In this paper, we review our recent progress in the construction of fullerene nanostructures and their structural transformation induced by high pressure. Fullerene nano/microcrystals with controllable size, morphology and structure have been synthesized through the self-assembly of fullerene molecules by a solvent-assisted method. By virtue of high pressure, the structures, components, and intermolecular interactions of the assemblied fullerene nano/microcrystals can be finely tuned, thereby modifying the optical and electronic properties of the nanostructures. Several examples on high pressure induced novel structural phase transition in typical fullerene nanocrystals with C60 or C70 cage serving as build- ing blocks are presented, including high pressure induced amorphization of the nanocrystals and their bulk moduli, high pressure and high temperature （HPHT） induced polymerization in C60 nanocrystals, pressure tuned reversible polymeriza- tion in ferrocene-doped C60/C70 single crystal, as well as unique long-range ordered crystal with amorphous nanoclusters serving as building blocks in solvated C60 crystals, which brings new physical insight into the understanding of order and disorder concept and new approaches to the design of superhard carbon materials. The nanosize and morphology effects on the transformations of fullerene nanocrystals have also been discussed. These results provide the foundation for the fabrication of pre-designed and controllable geometries, which is critical in fullerenes and relevant materials for designing nanometer-scale electronic, optical, and other devices.     

单壁碳纳米管在不同材质基片银膜上的表面增强拉曼光谱

在玻璃、白宝石和石英基片上,利用化学沉积法和溶胶法制备了纳米结构活性银膜,系统地研究了两种不同方法制备的单壁碳纳米管(SWNT)的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的G带和D带.同一样品的G带,在不同基片上的峰移量不同,在白宝石基片上移动更大,峰强更高,可以更敏感地反映SERS效应.D带的峰形随基片不同而改变.金属性管的含量较高的样品,其D带光谱的峰移较半导体性管含量较高的样品更显著,表明金属性碳纳米管与SERS活性银膜的界面相互作用更强.     

脉冲激光沉积羟磷灰石成膜的研究

使用266 nm Nd-YAG激光(脉宽为4 ns,能量密度2J/cm2),以钛合金 作衬底,在温度为400～450℃条件下,分别选择真空、Ar、O2、H2O气为沉积环境进行H AP薄膜的制备,并通过红外光谱、Raman光谱、原子力显微镜对所获得的HAP薄膜进行表征。 测量分析表明：在该温度下,我们用脉冲激光法沉积出的HAP薄膜均匀性良好,表面无剥蚀 和层断,薄膜呈非晶态和结晶态的混合物; 水蒸汽的存在对HAP薄膜结晶程度有重要影响。     

编者按

<正>以金刚石为代表的超硬材料是典型的高压相材料,在机械、地质钻探、航空航天、军工、电子等众多行业的产业链中起到关键作用,决定国家的工业水平,被发达国家称为“战略物资”。20世纪中期,国际上对于金刚石及相关超硬材料的合成与制品技术都处于长期封锁与垄断状态,我国由于没有金刚石等超硬材料制备技术基础,工业使用的金刚石严重依赖从苏联、刚果等地进口的天然金刚石,且进口量很少,难以满足工业生产需求。面对国外的技术封锁与进口产品不足,我国开始下定决心走金刚石合成自主研发的道路。1963年12月,     

C70纳米/亚微米棒的高压相变研究

通过溶剂挥发法获得了准一维C70纳米/亚微米棒状晶体,直径为～500nm, 长度为～10μm,呈六方密堆(hcp)结构. 利用金刚石对顶砧(DAC)高压装置,采用同步辐射能量色散X光能量色散衍射方法(EDXD)和高压拉曼光谱,研究了压力对C70纳米/亚微米棒结构的影响, 实验中最高压力为26.1GPa. 结果表明, 在准静水压条件下,在23.3—26.1GPa压力范围内, hcp结构的C70纳米/亚微米棒发生了由hcp结构向非晶化的相变,相变压力比体材料高约5GPa, 该相变是不可逆相变, 而且该相变是由于C70在高压下笼状结构被破坏所导致的.