不同应变率下冰破坏特性的试验研究

为研究寒区流冰对水工/船舶结构的影响,需要获得不同流速冰载荷的特征,准静态下不同应变率条件下冰材料变形至破坏的特征就成为一项重要的基础性问题。为此,开展了低温环境应变率10-2s-1至10-4s-1下淡水冰的单轴压缩试验。试验发现:随着应变率减小,极限应力由18.51MPa降低至8.44MPa,达到极限应力后,试件承载能力由瞬间消失变为逐渐降低至稳态,试件破坏形貌由劈裂转变为周向膨胀,即由脆性转变为韧性破坏,转变应变率约为10-3s-1;在双对数坐标系中,单轴压缩强度随应变率的增加近似呈线性增大。通过对应力-应变曲线进行积分,给出了不同破坏形式下冰变形至破坏的临界应变能密度,发现脆/韧转变状态下加载至破坏所需能量最大,该能量特征主要由冰中微裂纹的萌生、断面摩擦、再结晶引起。     

Dynamics of a three-level V-type atom driven by a cavity photon and microwave field

We discuss the dynamics of a three-level V-type atom driven simultaneously by a cavity photon and microwave field by examining the atomic population evolution. Owing to the coupling effect of the cavity photon, periodical oscillation of the population between the two upper states and the ground state takes place, which is the well-known vacuum Rabi oscillation. Meanwhile, the population exchange between the upmost level and the middle level can occur due to the driving action of the external microwave field. The general dynamic behavior is the superposition of a fast and a slow periodical oscillation under the cooperative and competitive effect of the cavity photon and the microwave field. Numerical results demonstrate that the time evolution of the population is strongly dependent on the atom–cavity coupling coefficient g and Rabi frequency ?_e that reflects the intensity of the external microwave field. By modulating the two parameters g and ?_e, a large number of population transfer behaviors can be achieved.     

Ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics and the quantum nature of hydrogen bonds

The hydrogen bond(HB) is an important type of intermolecular interaction, which is generally weak, ubiquitous,and essential to life on earth. The small mass of hydrogen means that many properties of HBs are quantum mechanical in nature. In recent years, because of the development of computer simulation methods and computational power, the influence of nuclear quantum effects(NQEs) on the structural and energetic properties of some hydrogen bonded systems has been intensively studied. Here, we present a review of these studies by focussing on the explanation of the principles underlying the simulation methods, i.e., the ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics. Its extension in combination with the thermodynamic integration method for the calculation of free energies will also be introduced. We use two examples to show how this influence of NQEs in realistic systems is simulated in practice.     

介质阻挡放电中超四边斑图沿面放电的光谱研究

利用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体中,首次观察到了超四边斑图沿面放电,它是由中心点和暗点组成的。通过观察普通相机的斑图照片,可以发现中心点位于周围四个暗点的中心处。利用高速录像机对斑图进行短曝光拍摄,观察发现中心点对应体放电,暗点对应沿面放电,暗点由这些沿面放电形成。中心点和暗点的亮度有所不同,这说明中心点和暗点的等离子体状态可能不同。采用发射光谱法,研究了超四边斑图沿面放电的的中心点和暗点的等离子体参量随氩气含量的变化趋势。利用氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)发射谱线,计算得出了中心点和暗点的分子振动温度; 然后通过氩原子696.57 nm (2P₂→1S₅)谱线的展宽,研究了中心点和暗点的电子密度。实验结果表明： 在相同氩气含量下,暗点的分子振动温度和电子密度均高于中心点的相应等离子体参量; 在其他实验条件不变的情况下,随着氩气含量从90%增大到99.9%,中心点和暗点的分子振动温度和电子密度均逐渐增大。结果表明中心点和暗点的等离子状态不同,说明二者的放电机制可能不同。     

Dark blue erenkov second harmonic generation in the two-layer-stacked hexagonal periodically poled MgO:LiNbO_3s

We report the dark blue nonlinearˇCerenkov radiation by the second harmonic generation(SHG)in a two-layer-stacked hexagonal periodically-poled-MgO:LiNbO3s(PPMgOLNs).Based on the direct wafer bonding of two target PPMgOLNs rotating around the axis perpendicular to the plane with an angle of 30°,twelve bright spots as twice of those in a single PPMgOLN are shown at each second-harmonicˇCerenkov ring.The experimental results agree with the theoretical ones and present a promising application in the fabrication of three-dimensional(3D)PPMgOLNs.     

Study on lattice vibrational properties and Raman spectra of Bi_2Te_3 based on density-functional perturbation theory

We present a variational density-functional perturbation theory(DFPT) to investigate the lattice dynamics and vibrational properties of single crystal bismuth telluride material. The phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states(DOS) of the material were obtained. The phonon dispersions are divided into two fields by a phonon gap. In the lower field,atomic vibrations of both Bi and Te contribute to the DOS. In the higher field, most contributions come from Te atoms. The calculated Born effective charges and dielectric constants reveal a great anisotropy in the crystal. The largest Born effective charge generates a significant dynamic charge transferring along the c axis. By DFPT calculation, the greatest LO–TO splitting takes place in the infrared phonon modes and reaches 1.7 THz in the Brillouin zone center. The Raman spectra and peaks corresponding to respective atomic vibration modes were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Neutrino Production via e~-e~+ Collision at Z-Boson Peak

The production of the three normal neutrinos via e-e+ collision at Z-boson peak(neutrino production in a Z-factory) is investigated thoroughly. The differences of νe-pair production from νμ-pair and ντ-pair production are presented in various aspects. Namely the total cross sections, relevant differential cross sections and the forwardbackward asymmetry etc. for these neutrinos are presented in terms of figures as well as numerical tables. The restriction on the room for the mixing of the three species of light neutrinos with possible externals(heavy neutral leptons and/or sterile neutrinos) from refined measurements of the invisible width of Z-boson is discussed.     

大学物理互动教学研究

通过分析大学物理互动教学的必要性及意义,结合自身的教学实践及兄弟单位的有关经验,探讨了大学物理互动教学的几种模式,认为：大学物理互动教学有利于体现教学以学生为主体的思想,有利于提高学生学习大学物理的积极性及主动性,大学物理互动教学法是一种值得推广的教学方法。     

弯曲氧化锌微米线微腔中的回音壁模

本文用微区共聚焦荧光光学显微镜在垂直于氧化锌微米线c轴的方向测量微米线上不同位置的光谱,通过对比直的和弯曲的微米线上TE和TM偏振的光谱,观察到了弯曲氧化锌微米线中不同位置的回音壁模式的移动,其机理是在弯曲应力作用下激子能级发生了移动,带边附近的介电常数也随之变化,导致微腔中的回音壁模式发生移动.     

相移阴影莫尔基于迭代LSM拟合

相移阴影莫尔技术相位高度存在着非线性关系,无法在全场获得均匀相移,因而致使经典的相移算法不能得到精确解.对此,提出了一种基于最小方差迭代的相移阴影莫尔技术,该技术通过垂直光栅面等间距移动光栅来产生相移,但光栅移动距离可不采用固定值,所以相移过程灵活|使用在高度解调过程中确定的逐点相移增量来抽取精确的测量相位,实现了相移阴影莫尔技术中固有的相位高度非线性误差补偿.结果表明,该方法可通过干涉图计算光栅的移动量,具有相移器的自标定特性.