Effect of microstructure on the thermoelectric properties of CSD-grown Bi2Sr2Co2Oy thin films

Three Bi2Sr2Co2Oy thin films with different microstructures have been prepared by chemical solution deposition on LaAlO 3(001) through varying the annealing temperature.With the decrease in the annealing temperature,both the size and c-axis alignment degree of grains in the film decrease as well,leading to an increase in the film resistivity.In addition,the decrease in the annealing temperature also results in a slight increase in the Seebeck coefficient due to the enhanced energy filtering effect of the small-grain film.The nanostructured Bi2Sr2Co2Oy film with an average grain size of about 100 nm shows a power factor comparable to that of films with larger grains.Since the thermal conductivity of the nanostructured films can be depressed due to the enhanced phonon scattering by grain boundary,a higher figure of merit is expected in Bi2Sr2Co2Oy thin film with grains in nanometer size.     

Dependence of Optical Absorption in Silicon Nanostructures on Size of Silicon Nanoparticles

The amorphous silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) embedded in silicon nitride (SiN_x) films prepared by helicon wave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HWP-CVD) technique are studied. From Raman scattering investigation, we determine that the deposited film has the structure of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride (nc-Si/SiNx) thin film at a certain hydrogen dilution amount. The analysis of optical absorption spectra implies that the Si NPs is affected by quantum size effects and has the nature of an indirect-band-gap semiconductor. Further, considering the effects of the mean Si NP size and their dispersion on oscillator strength, and quantum-confinement, we obtain an analytical expression for the spectral absorbance of ensemble samples. Gaussian as well as lognormal size-distributions of the Si NPs are considered for optical absorption coefficient calculations. The influence of the particlesize-distribution on the optical absorption spectra was systematically studied. We present the fitting of the optical absorption experimental data with our model and discuss the results.     

XPS研究N-Al共掺p型ZnO薄膜的传导特性

采用螺旋波等离子体辅助射频磁控溅射技术,在α-Al2 O3衬底上制备了N-Al共掺ZnO薄膜样品.Hall测量表明室温下ZnAlO∶N薄膜为n型传导,在O2等离子体气氛中550℃退火后变为p型.p型ZnO薄膜的载流子浓度为2.1×1016 cm-3,霍尔迁移率为5 cm2/V·s.用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对退火前后的ZnO薄膜进行了各元素的化学态分析.XPS结果表明,ZnAlO∶N薄膜中存在两种与N元素有关的缺陷,N原子替代O位形成的(N)o和N分子替代O位形成的(N2)o.退火后ZnAlO∶N薄膜中(N2)o缺陷减少,(N)o缺陷浓度占优导致了薄膜传导类型转变.     

氧化硅中纳米晶硅薄膜的低温沉积及其键合特性研究

以Ar和H2为溅射气体,采用Si和SiO2双靶活性溅射技术实现了镶嵌纳米晶硅(nc-Si)的富硅氧化硅(SiOx)薄膜的300℃低温生长,并分析了氢气掺入对薄膜微观结构及键合特性的影响.结果表明,氢气流量比的增加导致纳米硅粒子尺寸增加,而生长速率逐渐减小.薄膜中Si-O键合结构以Si(O4)键为主,随H2流量比的增加,Si-O4-nSin(n=0,1)键密度减小,Si-O4-nSin(n=2,3)和SiH2键密度持续增加,而所对应Si-H键密度呈现先减小后增加趋势,该结果可解释为等离子体内氢原子对反应前驱物中氧的去除效应增强和氢原子与表面氧的解吸附反应几率的增加.     

热退火诱导纳米银膜形貌变化对表面等离激元共振特性的影响

采用磁控溅射技术制备并通过不同温度的快速热退火得到了不同表面形貌的纳米银膜。利用XRD,SEM和紫外-可见-近红外透射光谱等技术研究了纳米银膜的结构、表面形貌与光学性质。实验结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,银膜开口面积分数、银岛(纳米粒子)间距增大,长宽比减小,银岛由各向异性的蠕虫状变成各向同性的纳米球;表面等离激元共振带发生连续的蓝移,半高宽变窄。分析表明,纳米银膜的表面等离激元共振特性可以通过热退火诱导的表面形貌变化实现调整。     

Current transport in ZnO/Si heterostructure grown by laser molecular beam epitaxy

The n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction was fabricated by depositing high quality single crystalline aluminium-doped n-type ZnO film on p-type Si using the laser molecular beam epitaxy technique. The heterojunction exhibited a good rectifying behavior. The electrical properties of the heterojunction were investigated by means of temperature dependence current density-voltage measurements. The mechanism of the current transport was proposed based on the band structure of the heterojunction. When the applied bias V is lower than 0.15 V, the current follows the Ohmic behavior. When 0.15V 0.6 V), the space charge limited effect becomes the main transport mechanism. The current-voltage characteristic under illumination was also investigated. The photovoltage and the short circuit current density of the heterojunction aproached 270 mV and 2.10 mA/cm 2 , respectively.     

表面补偿的高雾度ZnO∶Al及其在硅薄膜太阳电池中的应用

采用稀盐酸对磁控溅射法制备的平面掺铝氧化锌(ZnO∶Al,AZO)薄膜表面进行湿法刻蚀制绒,分析了盐酸浓度和刻蚀时间对AZO薄膜表面的形貌特征和光电特性的影响。研究发现,湿法刻蚀导致AZO薄膜表面呈现大尺度的陨石坑形貌特征,随刻蚀时间增加,薄膜在大于500 nm的长波范围内光学透过率可维持在70%~75%,且800nm处雾度值可高达48%,陷光能力快速增加,而面电阻率呈现逐渐增加趋势。高的盐酸浓度可以导致薄膜表面呈现较快凹型形貌特征,并可给出较高的雾度值。为了在保持高雾度值的条件下改善薄膜导电性,在2%盐酸刻蚀30 s所制备绒面沉积300 nm AZO薄膜进行厚度补偿,所获得薄膜的表面方块电阻小于10Ω/sq,以其作为前电极所制成的单结薄膜电池转换效率达到9.24%。结果表明,采用酸性刻蚀+厚度补偿方法所制备的绒面AZO薄膜可兼顾高雾度和低电阻的性能要求,是用作硅基薄膜太阳电池前电极的理想材料。     

Nucleation mechanism and morphology evolution of MoS_2 flakes grown by chemical vapor deposition

We study the nucleation mechanism and morphology evolution of MoS_2 flakes grown by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)on SiO_2/Si substrates with using S and MoO_3 powders.The MoS_2 flake is of monolayer with triangular nucleation,which might arise from the initial MoO_3-xthat is deposited on the substrate,and then bonded with S to form MoS_2 flake.The ratio of Mo and S is higher than 1:2 at the beginning with Mo terminated triangular nucleation formed.After that,the morphology of MoS_2 flake evolves from triangle to similar hexagon,then to truncated triangle which is determined by the faster growth speed of Mo termination than that of S termination under the S rich environment.The nucleation density does not increase linearly with the increase of reactant concentration,which could be explained by the two-dimensional nucleation theory.     

钙钛矿薄膜的微结构和光电特性优化

分别以纯二甲基甲酰胺、纯二甲基亚砜以及二者不同比例的混合物作为前驱体溶剂,制备钙钛矿薄膜样品.将薄膜样品分为两组,分别将其置于氮气氛围中进行热退火和二甲基亚砜蒸汽氛围中进行溶剂退火,并对薄膜样品的微观结构和光电特性进行系统研究分析.结果表明,与热退火相比,经溶剂退火后样品的平均晶粒尺寸和均匀性显著提升,从而减小了薄膜中晶粒边界或界面的体积分数.采用混合前驱体溶剂和后续溶剂退火增加了薄膜的厚度和可见光的利用率,有效改善了薄膜形貌,优化了结晶质量.同时薄膜光致发光强度的增加,表明薄膜缺陷态密度降低.采用优化后的钙钛矿薄膜作为吸收层制备太阳电池,其光电转换效率达到15.7%.     

柔性有机/无机杂化钙钛矿太阳电池研究进展

柔性太阳电池具有重量轻、可卷对卷连续生产、可卷曲、不易破碎、便于携带和可穿戴等特点,可在多种领域为人们提供电力,具有非常广泛的应用前景。近年来,在基于刚性衬底的有机/无机杂化钙钛矿太阳电池（PSC）展示了出色的功率转换效率之后,柔性PSC研究也受到了人们的广泛关注。目前,柔性PSC的转换效率已经达到了18.1%。本文介绍了近年来柔性PSC领域的相关研究工作,综述了已应用于柔性PSC的柔性基底、透明电极和界面传输层等关键材料近来的发展,并探讨了这些材料应用于柔性PSC时的优势和面临的主要问题,最后对柔性PSC未来的发展进行了展望。