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61.
The phase diagram of the nematic mesophase present in the tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide/sodium bromide/water ternary system was determined. A calamitic nematic mesophase (NC) was observed which extends to very high concentrations of electrolyte. The order parameters of the surfactant head group in the mesophases were studied by the NMR quadrupolar splitting of the deuterated surfactant. On increasing the temperature of nematic mesophases with low electrolyte concentrations, a phase separation occurs with the formation of a more highly ordered hexagonal phase and an isotropic phase. Diffusion measurements of the isotropic micellar solution by the NMR PFG method were used to estimate hydrodynamic radii at low surfactant concentrations and to study micelle diffusion as the concentration of the surfactant was increased to the liquid crystalline region. At higher surfactant concentrations, the diffusion coefficient reached a limiting value. The calamitic nematic mesophase in this surfactant/electrolyte/water system appears to be formed by long wormlike micelles. 相似文献
62.
Rodrigo París Jos Luis de la Fuente 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(18):5304-5315
Functional spontaneous gradient copolymers of allyl methacrylate (A) and butyl acrylate (B) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. The copolymerization reactions were carried out in toluene solutions at 100 °C with methyl 2‐bromopropionate as the initiator and copper bromide with N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as the catalyst system. Different aspects of the statistical reaction copolymerizations, such as the kinetic behavior, crosslinking density, and gel fraction, were studied. The gel data were compared with Flory's gelation theory, and the sol fractions of the synthesized copolymers were characterized by size exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The copolymer composition, demonstrating the gradient character of the copolymers, and the microstructure were analyzed. The experimental data agreed well with data calculated with the Mayo–Lewis terminal model and Bernoullian statistics, with monomer reactivity ratios of 2.58 ± 0.37 and 0.51 ± 0.05 for A and B, respectively, an isotacticity parameter for A of 0.24, and a coisotacticity parameter of 0.33. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5304–5315, 2006 相似文献
63.
The general features of two series of sol-gel derived materials, designatedurethanesils (Ut), have been investigated by infrared and Raman spectroscopies with the goal of elucidating the chemical environment of
the Eu3+ cations.
The host frameworks of the two families of ormolytes studied have been represented by m-Ut(350) and d-Ut(300), where m stands
for mono, d stands for di, 350 and 300 are the average molecular weights of the organic precursors (poly(ethylene glycol)
methyl ether, PEGME, and poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, respectively).
The hybrid matrix of the mono-xerogels is composed by a siliceous backbone bonded by means of urethane linkages (-NHC (=O)O-)
to pendant methyl end capped oligopolymer chains with approximately 7 oxyethylene units, whereas that of the di-xerogels is
based on a siliceous network grafted through urethane groups to both ends of poly(oxyethylene) segments containing about 6
(OCH2CH2) repeat units.
Both classes of materials have been doped with europium triflate (Eu(CF3SO3)3). The doped samples have been identified by m-Ut(350)nEu(CF3SO3)3 and d-Ut(300)nEu(CF3SO3), where n is the molar ratio of (OCH2CH2) repeat units per Eu3+ ion. Materials with n ranging from ∞ to 5 have been analyzed. The spectral data obtained provide evidence that the cations
begin to coordinate to the ether oxygen atoms of the oligopolymer chains at n=40 in the mono-urethanesils and at n=10 in the
di-urethanesils. In mono-urethanesils samples with n>40 and in di-urethanesils materials with n>10, the Eu3+ coordinate exclusively to the carbonyl oxygen atoms of the urethane linkages.
Paper presented at the 8th EuroConference on Ionics, Carvoeiro, Algarve, Portugal, Sept. 16–22, 2001. 相似文献
64.
Francesco de Giovanni 《Milan Journal of Mathematics》1991,61(1):257-265
65.
Marcos F. de Campos Marília Emura Fernando J.G. Landgraf 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006
Electrical steels, when submitted to operation, present continuous decrease of their magnetic properties, depending on the carbon content. This effect is attributed to the increase of the size of carbides, a process also known as coarsening or Ostwald Ripening. Loss separation can offer a better understanding of this phenomenon. Experimental results show that all effect of aging is inside the hysteresis loss component, with the excess losses unaffected. The carbon content in electrical steels should be less than 25 ppm to avoid magnetic aging. 相似文献
66.
Seppo Hassi Manfred Mö ller Henk de Snoo 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(10):2885-2893
The class of Nevanlinna functions consists of functions which are holomorphic off the real axis, which are symmetric with respect to the real axis, and whose imaginary part is nonnegative in the upper halfplane. The Kac subclass of Nevanlinna functions is defined by an integrability condition on the imaginary part. In this note a further subclass of these Kac functions is introduced. It involves an integrability condition on the modulus of the Nevanlinna functions (instead of the imaginary part). The characteristic properties of this class are investigated. The definition of the new class is motivated by the fact that the Titchmarsh-Weyl coefficients of various classes of Sturm-Liouville problems (under mild conditions on the coefficients) actually belong to this class.
67.
Summary The problem of robust stabilization of internally delayed uncertain systems via sliding mode controllers (SMC's) is studied
in this paper. The robustness property and assymptotic stability of the system are discussed. Some sufficient conditions for
the design of SMC and the switching hyperplane are given. Further generalization results, which lead to a simple design and
implementation, are made for the system being described in companion form. A method is suggested for the elimination of limit
cycles in systems being regulated by a relay SMC while allowing the generation of sliding motion and thus ensuring the closed-loop
asymptotic stability. 相似文献
68.
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