全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10066篇 |
免费 | 281篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6412篇 |
晶体学 | 79篇 |
力学 | 253篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
数学 | 1448篇 |
物理学 | 2166篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 68篇 |
2022年 | 263篇 |
2021年 | 263篇 |
2020年 | 206篇 |
2019年 | 217篇 |
2018年 | 261篇 |
2017年 | 230篇 |
2016年 | 358篇 |
2015年 | 306篇 |
2014年 | 376篇 |
2013年 | 596篇 |
2012年 | 651篇 |
2011年 | 681篇 |
2010年 | 477篇 |
2009年 | 453篇 |
2008年 | 583篇 |
2007年 | 516篇 |
2006年 | 433篇 |
2005年 | 574篇 |
2004年 | 493篇 |
2003年 | 365篇 |
2002年 | 219篇 |
2001年 | 181篇 |
2000年 | 152篇 |
1999年 | 89篇 |
1998年 | 84篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 70篇 |
1995年 | 72篇 |
1994年 | 86篇 |
1993年 | 78篇 |
1992年 | 84篇 |
1991年 | 61篇 |
1990年 | 50篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 32篇 |
1985年 | 56篇 |
1984年 | 43篇 |
1983年 | 40篇 |
1982年 | 24篇 |
1981年 | 48篇 |
1980年 | 29篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 34篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 18篇 |
1974年 | 18篇 |
1973年 | 24篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Chi Kin Chau Kwang Mong Sim 《Operations Research Letters》2003,31(5):327-334
By showing that there is an upper bound for the price of anarchyρ(Γ) for a non-atomic congestion game Γ with only separable cost maps and fixed demands, Roughgarden and Tardos show that the cost of forgoing centralized control is mild. This letter shows that there is an upper bound for ρ(Γ) in Γ for fixed demands with symmetric cost maps. It also shows that there is a weaker bound for ρ(Γ) in Γ with elastic demands. 相似文献
52.
Jien Wu Xiao-Fang Cheng Leslie J. Harrison Swee-Hock Goh Keng-Yeow Sim 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(52):9657-9659
Examination of the aerial parts of a Chinese herbal medicine yielded a novel metabolite, perforatumone 1, which is characterized by its unique carbon skeleton. Its structure was determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis. 相似文献
53.
54.
Emerson T da SilvaEdson L.S Lima 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(18):3621-3624
The ability of 1,3-dimethyl-5-acetyl-barbituric acid (DAB) to react with primary amines in a chemoselective fashion was applied to the synthesis of a selectively protected spermidine. 相似文献
55.
Do Young Kim Ji Sim Jung Young Rae Jang Kun Ho Yoo Jin Jang 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2003,16(3-4):400
We studied the growth of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin film exhibiting a strong room temperature photoluminescence (PL) at 1.81–2.003 eV. The amorphous silicon was crystallized by Ni silicide mediated crystallization (Ni SMC) and then Secco-etched to exhibit the PL. The PL peak energy and intensity increase with increasing the metal density on the a-Si because of the reduction in the grain size down to 2 nm. The photoluminescence energy and peak intensity depend strongly on the Secco etch time because the grain size is reduced by etching the grain boundaries. 相似文献
56.
Renata S da Costa Luciano F Almeida Márcio J.C Pontes Simone S Simões 《Microchemical Journal》2004,78(1):27-33
A novel strategy to evaluation of adulteration in alcoholic beverages based on the measurement of the Schlieren effect using an automated FIA system with photometric detection is proposed. The assay is based on the Schlieren effect produced when beverage samples are injected in a single-line FIA system that uses water as carrier stream and a light-emitting diode-phototransistor photometer controlled by microcomputer as detector. The flow system presents limited mixing conditions which make possible to create gradients of refractive index (Schlieren effect) in the injected sample zone. These gradients are reproducible, characteristic of each alcoholic beverage and undergo specific modifications when adulterations with water or ethanol are imposed. Schlieren effect data of brandies, cachaças, rums, whiskies and vodkas were treated by SIMCA to elaborate class models applied in the evaluation of alcoholic beverages adulteration. Samples of the original matrix of each sort of beverages were adulterated in laboratory by adding water, methanol and ethanol in levels of 5% and 10% (v/v). These samples were used as test set to validate SIMCA class models. The verification of authenticity using Schlieren effect measurements presented good results making possible to identify 100% of the beverages samples adulterated in laboratory and 93% of the actual adulterated alcoholic beverages with confidence levels of 95%. As principal advantage, the automated system does not use reagents to carry out the analysis. 相似文献
57.
A. F. G. Monte M. A. G. Soler S. W. da Silva B. B. D. Rodrigues P. C. Morais A. A. Quivy J. R. Leite 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2004,23(3-4):466
We have investigated the influence of vicinal GaAs substrates on the optical and electronic properties of InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs). A single In0.10Ga0.90As QW was grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on a vicinal GaAs(0 0 1) substrate with a miscut angle of 0° (nominal), 2°, 4° and 6° towards [1 1 0]. The carrier diffusion was obtained by a micro-photoluminescence scan technique that permits to observe the effective diffusion length characterized by the lateral spread of carriers in the QW followed by radiative recombination. The carrier diffusion length was obtained parallel (L||) and perpendicular (L) to the atomic steps. The diffusion length decreases as the temperature increases up to 100 K. Above this temperature we found different behaviours that depend on the sample miscut angle. 相似文献
58.
The facility layout problem is concerned with finding the most efficient arrangement of a given number of departments with unequal area requirements within a facility. The facility layout problem is a hard problem, and therefore, exact solution methods are only feasible for small or greatly restricted problems. In this paper, we propose a spring-embedding approach that unlike previous approaches results in a model that is convex. Numerical results demonstrating the potential of our model and the efficiency of our solution procedure are presented. 相似文献
59.
Theoretical concerns about the use of cemented and press-fit stems in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include stress
shielding with adverse effects on prosthesis fixation. Radiological studies have showed distal femoral bone resorption after
revision TKA. The revision with use of stems can place abnormal stresses. These stresses can promote the effect of bone stress
shielding and may contribute to bone loss. Experimental quantification of strain shielding in the distal synthetic femur following
TKA is the main purpose of the present study. Three different constructs of TKA were assessed. The first construct included
a stemless femoral component. The other two included a press-fit and a cemented femoral stem. Cortical bone strains were measured
experimentally with tri-axial strain gauges in synthetic femurs before and after in-vitro knee surgery. The difference between
principal strains of implanted and intact femur was calculated for each strain gauge position. This study indicates that the
use of stems in distal femur changes the distribution and magnitude of bone strains. The press-fit stem provoked relevant
bone area (stem length) subjected to strain shielding and also originated the highest reduction of strains in the distal region,
which can potentially induce bone resorption. The stemless implanted femur produced minor bone strain changes relatively to
the intact femur. The use of distal femur stems increases initial stability in the bone, but the observed reduction of strains
in this region, relative to the intact femur, provokes strain shielding that can induce bone resorption and may compromise
the long term implant stability. 相似文献
60.
F. Silva X. Bonnin J. Achard O. Brinza A. Michau A. Gicquel 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2008,310(1):187-203
Plasma-assisted CVD homoepitaxial diamond growth is a process that must satisfy many stringent requirements to meet industrial applications, particularly in high-power electronics. Purity control and crystalline quality of the obtained samples are of paramount importance and their optimization is a subject of active research. In the process of such studies, we have obtained high purity CVD diamond monocrystals with unusual morphologies, namely with apparent {1 1 3} stable faces. This phenomenon has led us to examine the process of CVD diamond growth and build up a 3D geometrical model, presented here, describing the film growth as a function of time. The model has been able to successfully describe the morphology of our obtained crystals and can be used as a predictive tool to predetermine the shape and size of a diamond crystal grown in a given process configuration. This renders accessible control of desirable properties such as largest usable diamond surface area and/or film thickness, before the cutting and polishing manufacture steps take place. The two latter steps are more sensitive to the geometry of the growth sectors, which will be addressed in a companion paper.Our model, applicable to the growth of any cubic lattice material, establishes a complete mapping of the final morphology state of growing diamond, as a function of the growth rates of the crystalline planes considered, namely {1 0 0}, {1 1 1}, {1 1 0}, and {1 1 3} planes, all of which have been observed experimentally in diamond films. The model makes no claim as to the stability of the obtained faces, such as the occurrence of non-epitaxial crystallites or twinning. It is also possible to deduce transient behavior of the crystal morphology as growth time is increased. The model conclusions are presented in the form of a series of diagrams, which trace the existence (and dominance) boundaries of each face type, in presence of the others, and where each boundary crossing represent a topology change in terms of number of faces, edges and vertices. We validate the model by matching it against crystals published in the literature and illustrate its predictive value by suggesting ways to increase usable surface area of the diamond film. 相似文献