Synthesis,Structure, Photoluminescence,and Electroluminescence of Siloles that Contain Planar Fluorescent Chromophores

Herein, a new series of siloles that were 2,5‐substituted with planar fluorescent chromophores (PFCs), including fluorene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, and anthracene, were synthesized and characterized. These compounds showed weak emission in the solution state, owing to active intramolecular rotation (IMR), but the synergistic effect from electronic coupling between the PFC and the silole ring compensated for the emission quenching by the IMR process to some extent, thereby affording higher emission efficiencies than those of 2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylsiloles in solution. These new siloles showed enhanced emission efficiencies in the aggregated state. The electroluminescence (EL) color and efficiency of new siloles were sensitive towards the PFC. Siloles containing naphthalene moieties showed green EL emission, whilst those containing anthracene moieties showed orange EL emission. The siloles containing pyrene moieties exhibited yellow EL emission at 546 nm, with a peak luminance of 49000 cd cm^?2 and a high current efficiency of 9.1 cd A^?1.     

Synthesis, structure, aggregation-induced emission, self-assembly, and electron mobility of 2,5-bis(triphenylsilylethynyl)-3,4-diphenylsiloles

2,5-Bis(triphenylsilylethynyl)-3,4-diphenylsiloles with different 1,1-substituents [XYSi(CPh)(2) (C-C≡C-SiPh(3))(2)] (Ph=phenyl) were synthesized in high yields by the Sonogashira coupling of 2,5-dibromo-3,4-diphenylsiloles with triphenylsilylacetylene, and two of these were characterized crystallographically. Crystal structures and theoretical calculations showed that the new silole molecules had higher conjugation than 2,5-diarylsiloles. They possessed low HOMO and LUMO energy levels due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the triphenylsilylethynyl groups. Cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed low electron affinities, which were comparable to those of perfluoroarylsiloles. B3LYP/6-31* calculations demonstrated that the new siloles possessed large reorganization energies for electron and hole transfers and high electron mobilities. A mobility of up to 1.2×10(-5) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) was obtained by the transient electroluminescence method, which was about fivefold higher than that of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum, a widely used electron-transport material, under the same conditions. All of the silole molecules possessed high thermal stability. Although, their solutions were weakly emissive, their nanoparticle suspensions and thin films emitted intense blue-green light upon photoexcitation, demonstrating a novel feature of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Polarized emissions were observed in the silole crystals. The addition of solvents, which did not dissolve the silole molecules, into silole-containing solutions caused self-assembly of the molecules, which produced macroscopic fibrils with strong light emissions.     

Porous anionic, cationic, and neutral metal-carboxylate frameworks constructed from flexible tetrapodal ligands: syntheses, structures, ion-exchanges, and magnetic properties

A series of coordination polymers with anionic, cationic, and neutral metal-carboxylate frameworks have been synthesized by using a flexible tetrapodal ligand tetrakis[4-(carboxyphenyl)oxamethyl] methane acid (H(4)X). The reactions between divalent transition-metal ions and H(4)X ligands gave [M(3)X(2)]·[NH(2)(CH(3))(2)](2)·8DMA (M = Co (1), Mn (2), Cd(3)) which have anionic metal-carboxylate frameworks with NH(2)(CH(3))(2)(+) cations filled in channels. The reactions of trivalent metal ions Y(III), Dy(III), and In(III) with H(4)X ligands afforded cationic metal-carboxylate frameworks [M(3)X(2)·(NO(3))·(DMA)(2)·(H(2)O)]·5DMA·2H(2)O (M = Y(4), Dy(5)) and [In(2)X·(OH)(2)]·3DMA·6H(2)O (6) with the NO(3)(-) and OH(-) serving as counterions, respectively. Moreover, a neutral metal-carboxylate framework [Pb(2)X·(DMA)(2)]·2DMA (7) can also be isolated from reaction of Pb(II) and H(4)X ligands. The charged metal-carboxylate frameworks 1-5 have selectivity for specific counterions in the reaction system, and compounds 1 and 2 display ion-exchange behavior. Moreover, magnetic property measurements on compounds 1, 2, and 5 indicate that there exists weak antiferromagnetic interactions between magnetic centers in the three compounds.     

Photomechanical Luminescence from Through‐Space Conjugated AIEgens

Transforming molecular motions into the macroscopic scale is a topic of great interest to nanoscience. The photomechanical effect is a promising strategy to achieve this goal. Herein, we report an intriguing photomechanical luminescence driven by the photodimerization of 2‐phenylbenzo[b]thiophene 1,1‐dioxide (P‐BTO) in molecular crystals and elucidate the working mechanism and substituent effect through crystallographic analysis and theoretical calculations. Striking splitting, hopping, and bending mechanical behaviors accompanied by a significant blue fluorescence enhancement are observed for P‐BTO crystals under UV light, which is attributed to the formation of photodimer 2P‐BTO. Although 2P‐BTO is poorly π‐conjugated because of the central cyclobutane ring, it exhibits prominent through‐space conjugation and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), affording strong solid‐state blue fluorescence at 415 nm with an excellent quantum yield of up to 96.2 %.     

Electronic effect on the optical properties and sensing ability of AIEgens with ESIPT process based on salicylaldehyde azine

Two novel AIE-active salicylaldehyde azine(SAA) derivatives with a typical excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) process are prepared by introducing electron-withdrawing and donating groups at para-position of phenolic hydroxyl group(CN-SAA and TPA-SAA). The effect of the proton activity in SAA framework on their optical behaviors is investigated spectroscopically. The results from NMR and solvation measurements show that the proton of phenolic hydroxyl group has higher activity when there are electron-withdrawing groups, and the absorption and fluorescence spectra in buffers with different pH also provide the same results. After inviting F. as a nucleophilic probe, this proton activity difference in CN-SAA and TPA-SAA becomes more obvious. The potential application of both molecules is investigated. TPA-SAA exhibits good quantitative sensing ability towards F. with a fluorescence "turn-on" mode, whereas the aggregates of TPA-SAA can selectively and sensitively detect Cu2+ in aqueous solution. From these results, a structure-property relationship is established: the occurrence of ESIPT process will become much easier when linking electron-withdrawing groups at the para-position of phenolic hydroxyl group(e.g., CN-SAA),and it is better to introduce electron-donating groups to enhance the sensing ability towards ions(e.g., TPA-SAA). This work will provide guidance for further design and preparation of AIE-active luminogens with ESIPT process for sensing applications.     

Dual-fluorescent donor-acceptor dyad with tercarbazole donor and switchable imide acceptor: promising structure for an integrated logic gate

A dual-fluorescent donor-acceptor (D-A) dyad with tercarbazole (donor) and 2,3-dithienylmaleimide (acceptor) was synthesized and characterized. The emission intensity of long wavelength could be regulated by either bistable structures of the dyad or the polarities of solvents. By mimicking the function of an integrated logic gate, a 2-input AND logic operation is established. [reaction: see text].     

八面体纳米笼构筑的金属-有机框架化合物

利用半刚性的三足羧酸配体1,3,5-tris[3-(carboxyphenyl)oxamethyl]-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene acid (H₃TBTC)与金属离子自组装成功合成了两例八面体纳米笼构建的金属-有机框架化合物: {[Zn₃TBTC₂(DMA)(H₂O)]·3DMA·3H₂O}_n (1), {[Cd₃TBTC₂(DMA)₂(H₂O)₂]·2DMA·2H₂O}_n (2). TBTC^3-配体在化合物中呈现出cis,cis,cis-和cis,trans,trans-两种构型. cis,cis,cis-构型的TBTC^3-配体与Zn₃(COO)₆次级结构基元(secondary building units, SBUs)构筑了畸变的八面体金属-有机纳米笼, 因而化合物的结构可以看成是八面体金属-有机纳米笼作为超分子构建单元(supramolecular building blocks, SBBs), 在空间上与cis,trans,trans-构型的配体相连, 最终形成具有(3,18)-连接的三维无限网络. 荧光测试结果表明, 化合物1～2的荧光都是基于配体的发射. 相对于配体的发射光谱, 化合物1～2的发射光谱展现出蓝移的现象. 气体吸附测试结果表明, 化合物1～2具有选择性吸附二氧化碳的能力.     

β-环糊精功能化碳纳米管高效催化氧化肉桂油制备天然苯甲醛

天然苯甲醛是一类重要的食品添加剂.在温和液相反应条件下催化氧化肉桂醛制天然苯甲醛是一个有效的手段,但该过程需要活性高、选择性好和易循环利用的高效催化剂.环糊精(CD)一般是由6-8个D-吡喃葡萄糖单元构成,具有"内疏水、外亲水"的特殊结构,能够与尺寸和形状相近的分子通过分子间的非共价键作用力(如氢键、范德华力及疏水性作用力)形成主客体分子包结物.利用环糊精模拟天然酶来提高反应活性和产物选择性一直是研究者追求的目标,并已被广泛用于调控不同的有机反应过程,如氧化、还原、水解和开环等反应.然而,由于β-环糊精易溶于水,需要将其固载至合适的载体上才能实现其循环重复利用.近年,文献中报道了将β-环糊精固定至纤维素或壳聚糖用于催化肉桂油制天然苯甲醛,结果表明,环糊精与载体的功能基团通过弱相互作用的协同能明显提高肉桂醛氧化性能.然而,从实际应用角度看,这些催化剂的循环使用性能和机械强度还需进一步增强.碳纳米管具有良好的化学稳定性、较强的机械性能和环境兼容性,广泛应用于液相吸附或反应系统.例如,碳纳米管作为一种无金属催化剂被成功用于芳族烃和烷烃的氧化脱氢、氧还原反应、烃或酚的氧化和氨分解以及催化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛等反应体系中.基于环糊精能通过形成主客体包结物的形式明显提高反应选择性,以及多壁碳纳米管能通过形成共轭配合物的形式对溶液中芳香化合物具有良好的吸附能力,本文制备了一种β-环糊精功能化多壁碳纳米管,并将其成功用于溶液中肉桂油催化氧化制天然苯甲醛的反应.β-环糊精功能化碳纳米管表现出比环糊精聚合物催化剂更优异的催化性能,在10 min内,肉桂醛转化率和天然苯甲醛选择性能分别达到95%和85%,并且反应体系的活化能从45.66 kJ/mol降至16.33 kJ/mol.循环使用结果显示,这种复合催化剂还具有良好的稳定性和可循环使用性.利用拉曼光谱、透射电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射、比表面积和热重分析对催化剂进行了系统表征.结果表明,多壁碳纳米管和β-环糊精的协同催化作用是其具有高效催化性能的重要原因.为了进一步研究其催化反应机理,利用量子化学计算对主客体之间的相互作用力进行了探究.结果表明,肉桂醛易通过电子相互作用力吸附至碳纳米管表面,由于环糊精空腔的弱相互作用力更强,肉桂醛更容易进入环糊精空腔,通过环糊精上的羟基与肉桂醛之间O?H···O的氢键相互作用,并通过体系生成的高碳酸根氧化剂(HCO4-),促使肉桂醛C=C不饱和双键断裂生成苯甲醛,而生成的苯甲醛与环糊精之间的弱相互作用低于肉桂醛与环糊精之间的相互作用,苯甲醛可迅速地离开环糊精空腔.因而,β-环糊精和碳纳米管的协同作用可明显提高底物选择性.     

Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Achiral Metal–Organic Colloids and Guest Molecules in a Vortex Field

Recently, scientists have reported a range of chiral fluorescence materials or chiral composites that can emit circularly polarized luminescence. Herein, two achiral metal–organic colloidal solutions were studied, showing active circularly polarized luminescence, which is observed in vortex stirring. The absolute values for g_lum are 0.05 and 0.03 and the plus or minus sign of g_lum depends on the colloidal structure and stirring direction, which make the property easy to manipulate. Further, the host–guest interaction study suggests both electrostatic interactions and coordination bonding may influence the chiroptical property from the colloidal solution to the guest molecule. Rhodamine 6G and its carboxylic acid derivative exhibit good quantum yields and acceptable g_lum values in the colloidal solution.     

Ym@C2n的合成和表征

用Ｙ２Ｏ３，碳粉复合棒为原料，经过二步直流电弧反应，从所得的烟炱中在惰气保护下用ＣＳ２萃取出Ｙ＠Ｃ２ｎ（２ｎ＝６０，７０，８０，８４，９０，９６）和Ｙ２＠Ｃ７６，样品经场解吸质谱（ＦＤＭＳ）和电子顺磁共振（ＥＰＲ）表征，皆发现，Ｙ＠Ｃ８４和Ｙ＠Ｃ９０的含量最高且最稳定。