Association of ionic surfactant in binary water—ethanol media as indicator of changes in structure and properties of solvent

Russian Chemical Bulletin - Association of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) ionic surfactant in concentration range of 1–100 mmol L?1 in binary water—ethanol media with alcohol volume...     

Addition of methyldichlorogermane to unsaturated compounds

Conclusions Some new organogermanium compounds with different functional groups were obtained by the addition of methyldichlorogermane to unsaturated compounds in the absence of a catalyst, which addition, as a rule, proceeds contrary to the Markovnikov rule.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1154–1156, May, 1973.     

Lipase enzymatic microreactor in polysaccharide hydrogel: structure and properties

Russian Chemical Bulletin - An enzymatic microreactor was designed on the basis of sodium alginate hydrogel containing a lipolytic enzyme (Candida rugosa lipase) in the polymer matrix pores. The...     

Extraction of hydrocarbons from carbonaceous rock in supercritical carbon dioxide

Experiments on supercritical CO₂ extraction of organic matter from carbonaceous raw material show that, regardless of its geological origin, the process is characterized by selective extraction of hydrocarbons, especially alkanes and naphthenes. The composition of the supercritical extract makes it possible to use it for manufacturing lubricants.     

Catalytic alcohol oxidation by an unsymmetrical 5-coordinate copper complex: electronic structure and mechanism

Density functional theory reveals the detailed mechanism of alcohol oxidation by a model copper complex, Cu(II)L, L = cis-1-(3',5'-dimethoxy-benzylideneamino)-3,5-[2-hydroxy-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl)benzylideneimino]cyclohexane. Despite the obvious structural and functional parallels between the title compound and the enzyme galactose oxidase, the details of the catalytic pathway are fundamentally different. In the enzyme, coordination of the substrate produces an active form containing a Cu(II) centre and a tyrosyl radical, the latter being responsible for the abstraction of hydrogen from the substrate. In the model system, in marked contrast, the active form contains a Cu(II) centre, but the ligand radical character is localised on the substrate (alcoholate) oxygen, rather than the phenolate ligand. The result is a significantly higher barrier to hydrogen-atom abstraction compared to the enzyme itself. The origin of these significant differences is traced to the rigid nature of the pentadentate ligand, which resists changes in coordination number during the catalytic cycle.