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81.
0IntroductionThereisagreatcurrentinterestforthecrystalengineeringofcoordinationframeworks犤1,2犦,notonlybecauseoftheirpotentialapplicationsaszeolite-likematerialsinmolecularselection,ionexchange,andcatalysis,butalsobecauseoftheirintriguingvarietyofarchitecturesandnewtopologies.Uptonow,themostimportantdrivingforcesincrystalengineeringarecoordinationbondingandhydrogenbondinginteract-ion犤3~5犦.Theuniquedirectionality,strength,andcom-plementaryofnon-covalenthydrogenandcoordinatedbondingplayanimp… 相似文献
82.
Li Ding Dan Xiao Zong Lu Junjie Deng Yanying Wei Jürgen Caro Haihui Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(22):8720-8726
Membrane‐based reverse electrodialysis (RED) is considered as the most promising technique to harvest osmotic energy. However, the traditional membranes are limited by high internal resistance and low efficiency, resulting in undesirable power densities. Herein, we report the combination of oppositely charged Ti3C2Tx MXene membranes (MXMs) with confined 2D nanofluidic channels as high‐performance osmotic power generators. The negatively or positively charged 2D MXene nanochannels exhibit typical surface‐charge‐governed ion transport and show excellent cation or anion selectivity. By mixing the artificial sea water (0.5 m NaCl) and river water (0.01 m NaCl), we obtain a maximum power density of ca. 4.6 Wm?2, higher than most of the state‐of‐the‐art membrane‐based osmotic power generators, and very close to the commercialization benchmark (5 Wm?2). Through connecting ten tandem MXM‐RED stacks, the output voltage can reach up 1.66 V, which can directly power the electronic devices. 相似文献
83.
Towards a unified recurrent neural network theory: The uniformly pseudo-projection-anti-monotone net
In the past decades, various neural network models have been developed for modeling the behavior of human brain or performing
problem-solving through simulating the behavior of human brain. The recurrent neural networks are the type of neural networks
to model or simulate associative memory behavior of human being. A recurrent neural network (RNN) can be generally formalized
as a dynamic system associated with two fundamental operators: one is the nonlinear activation operator deduced from the input-output
properties of the involved neurons, and the other is the synaptic connections (a matrix) among the neurons. Through carefully
examining properties of various activation functions used, we introduce a novel type of monotone operators, the uniformly
pseudo-projectionanti-monotone (UPPAM) operators, to unify the various RNN models appeared in the literature. We develop a
unified encoding and stability theory for the UPPAM network model when the time is discrete. The established model and theory
not only unify but also jointly generalize the most known results of RNNs. The approach has lunched a visible step towards
establishment of a unified mathematical theory of recurrent neural networks. 相似文献
84.
85.
<正>SnO_2 nanorods were deposited on the Si substrates in an aqueous solution containing both SnCl_4 and CO(NH_2)_2.It is found that different self-assembled patterns of SnO_2 nanorods can be obtained by changing the deposition conditions such as the molar ratio of CO(NH_2)_2 to SnCl_4 and the pretreatment of the substrate.Scattered SnO_2 nanorods,for example,can be changed into flower-like patterns when the molar ratio of CO(NH_2)_2 to SnCl_4 is raised,and well-aligned nanorod arrays can be formed when the pretreatment of the substrate is changed.In addition,some interesting patterns,e.g.tree-like patterns,can also be observed. 相似文献
86.
87.
Dispersion limits performance in many optical systems. In surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, the sensing area is an optical element in which the dispersion depends on the effective refractive index of the biochemical compounds to be measured. We report a method of compensating for wavelength dispersion in SPR biosensors employing two integrated diffractive optical coupling elements in a polymer substrate. The dispersion compensation is achieved over the whole dynamic measurement range and provides a biosensor more robust to wavelength fluctuations than prism-coupler SPR systems. The concept can readily be employed in other types of sensor measuring refractive-index changes. 相似文献
88.
It is proved that the simultaneous lattice packing and latticecovering constant of every three-dimensional centrally symmetricconvex body is less than or equal to 7/4. Consequently, forany three-dimensional convex body K there is a correspondinglattice packing in which no extra translate of K can be added. 相似文献
89.
Fe-Ag alloy films were deposited by magnetron sputtering. Fe K edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) was performed by synchrotron radiation to evidence the structure of the films. Annealing experiments were carried out to study their stability. The hardness and elastic modulus were measured by nanoindentation. The experimental and calculated XANES spectra both reveal that Fe atoms replace part of Ag atoms and supersaturated fcc Ag (Fe) solid solution alloy films are formed up to 38 at.% Fe. The solid solutions are stable and begin to precipitate at 400 °C The elastic modulus increases with the increase of Fe concentration and satisfies the rule of mixtures. The hardness of the as-deposited alloy film is larger than that calculated based on the rule of mixtures. The mechanism responsible for the enhancement of the hardness is discussed in terms of Labusch model of solid solution hardening. 相似文献
90.
Delong Liu Jing Ma Hou Chen Ping Yin Naiyi Ji Guangxi Zong 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(23):5109-5115
Zerovalent ytterbium (Yb) powder is firstly used as a catalyst in single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by carbon tetrachloride in N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively. Polymerization proceeds in a “living”/controlled way as evidenced by kinetic studies and chain extension results, producing well‐defined polymers with controlled degree of polymerization and narrow molecular weight distribution. The apparent activation energy of polymerization in DMF is accounted to be 36.2 kJ/mol, and the energy of equilibrium state is calculated to be 13.9 kJ/mol. An increase in the concentration of Yb(0) yields a higher monomer conversion. It is observed that polymerization rate experiments a rapid increase in the presence of more polar solvent water, and increasing in the content of H2O results in an increase in the apparent rate constant of polymerization, and a decrease in the molecular weight distribution. The reaction rate and molecular weight increase along with the decrease of DMF content. The effect of Yb(0) powder content, different ligands and concentration of initiator on the polymerization is also investigated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献