On-line nuclear orientation study of184Au

The¹⁸⁴Au→¹⁸⁴Pt decay, studied on-line with the UNISOR facility at HHIRF, is discussed. Gamma-ray and conversion-electron spectroscopy of¹⁸⁴Pt as well as on-line nuclear orientation measurements of¹⁸⁴Au were done. A new low-lying level scheme of¹⁸⁴Pt is proposed. Two coexisting bands with different deformations and their respective γ-vibrational bands are established. Internal conversion coefficients for interband transitions between states with the same spin are extracted from the spectroscopy measurements. The relative E0 contents of the transitions are determined by combining internal conversion coefficients with E2/M1 mixing ratios deduced from gamma-ray anisotropies measured from oriented nuclei.     

Optical design of a toroidal grating monochromator based beam line on Indus-1

In this paper, we discuss the detailed optical design of a beam line that is under construction on the synchrotron radiation source, Indus-1. Toroidal mirrors are used as pre-and post- focusing elements and a toroidal grating monochromator as a dispersing element. Using three interchangeable gratings, this monochromator will give, at a moderate resolution, a good throughput on the sample in the wavelength range 40 to 1000 Å. Effect of various parameters and their optimization on the resolution and throughput characteristics have been studied by ray tracing calculations, and presented.     

X-ray scattering studies of the structure of aqueous hydroxy-propylcellulose solutions

X-ray diffraction studies have been undertaken on aqueous solutions of hydroxy propylcellulose (HPC) over a wide range of the scattering vector Q. The experiments revealed only modest differences in local structure on a distance scale ca. 5–300 Å despite the fact that they covered concentrations generally interpreted as ranging from the isotropic (35.1 wt %) to the anisotropic liquid crystalline (LC) phase (53.5 wt %). Several models were used to interpret the small-angle scattering data, and each gave similar structural parameters and extrapolated intensities ( Q → 0) for both solutions. Peaks were observed with d-spacings ca. 12–17 Å in both materials. Wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) showed slightly increased local order over a size range ca. 5–20 Å for the anisotropic solution, and this is consistent with a greater intensity of the 13 Å peak in this material. It is difficult to reconcile these findings with an interpretation of the LC state involving major differences with the isotropic phase and a high degree of orientational order extending over long length scales.     

Angular momentum effect in prescission particle multiplicities for a light system by diffusion model

The effect of angular momentum on the competition between fission and particle emission during light system fission process was studied via fission diffusion model. The prescission particle multiplicities were found to increase with decreasing angular momentum. The experimental prescission proton and α particle multiplicities can be fitted for 10.6 MeV/nucleon ⁸⁴Kr(²⁷Al,binary fission) reaction with this model. Entrance channel effect found in [1] is proved to be angular momentum effect.     

Japanese hadron facility plans and future μSR

The proposed next major science project in Japan, the high intensity 1 GeV proton accelerator with unique beam characteristics, is described here. It will supply a proton beam of more than 100 μA in either de mode or sharply pulsed mode (down to 10 ns), using a specially designed time structure conversion ring. The beam will be used for keV μ⁺ generation at the production target, MeV surface μ⁺ production and 10 MeV decay μ⁺ and μ⁻ production, as well as a possible slow μ⁻ production. All of these unique muon beams will be developed for the next generation of μSR experiments. With the development of the keV μ⁺ source particularly in mind, a pilot station is now under construction at UT-MSL/KEK. Possible new μSR experiments are also reviewed.     

Phase behaviour of colloid-polymer mixtures

Summary We review the phase behaviour of mixtures of colloids and non-adsorbing polymers. The exclusion of polymer molecules from overlapping ?depletion zones? between two neighbouring colloidal particles results in an unbalanced osmotic pressure pushing the particles together. This depletion potential is separately tunable in range and depth. Theory predicts that the resulting phase behaviour is sensitive to ξ=r _g/R, the ratio of the radius of gyration of a polymer molecule, to the radius of the colloid. At large ξ, a stable colloidalliquid phase becomes possible. This has been confirmed by recent experiments. The formation of non-equilibrium ?transient gel? states when the size ratio is small (≈0.08) is also introduced briefly. Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994.     

Holographic image subtraction using a polarization technique

A holographic image subtraction technique is proposed. The vector nature of light is utilized in introducing a phase difference of π between the two reconstructed object waves. The experimental results are also presented.     

Properties of matrix-assisted laser desorption. Measurements with a time-to-digital converter.

Some properties of matrix-assisted laser desorption have been studied using single-ion-counting methods and a time-to-digital converter. The methods allow examination of the process for irradiances near the reported threshold for observation with a transient recorder. All measurements were made using bovine insulin as a test compound. We present direct evidence that an irradiance threshold near 10(6) W cm-2 exists for ion production, and that the process is a collective effect, either involving a large number of molecular ions (approximately 10(4) in a successful event or none at all. Above the threshold, the yield is found to scale with a high power (4th to 6th) of the irradiance. Measurements of initial velocity distributions indicate an axial velocity spread corresponding to approximately 50 eV and a radial velocity spread corresponding to approximately 2.4 eV. Thus the ejection or extraction mechanism appears to be strongly asymmetric.