Measuring the cross sections of heavy-metal spallation induced by deuterons with energies of 2, 2.94, and 3.5 GeV per nucleon

The cross sections for the spallation of the heavy-metal nuclei ¹⁸¹Ta, ¹⁹⁷Au, ²⁰⁷Pb, ²⁰⁹Bi, ²³²Th, and ²³⁸U induced by relativistic deuterons with energies of 2, 2.94, and 3.5 GeV per nucleon are measured using the deuteron beam from the Nuclotron accelerator of the JINR Laboratory of High Energy Physics in Dubna, Russia. The cross-section measurements employ a combined experimental technique involving the solidstate nuclear-track detectors and the activation gamma spectrometry. Adding our measurements to the database of experimental nuclear data will make it possible to test the computer codes used for selecting the parameters of the ADS-type facilities.     

Structure,magnetic, and electrical properties of bismuth niobates doped with d-elements: VIII. Phase transitions and electrophysical properties of bismuth niobate

Reversible phase transitions of bismuth niobate Bi₃NbO₇ have been observed: from the lowtemperature cubic modification to the tetragonal one at 860°C and from the tetragonal modification to the hightemperature cubic one at 950–980°C. With increasing temperature of the cubic modification preparation, the unit cell parameter has been decreasing. Electrophysical properties of the cubic phases have matched at the frequencies below 1 kHz (up to 650 K). The specific conductivity of the tetragonal phase exceeds that of the cubic phase by no more than an order of magnitude (below 1000 K).     

Regularities of adhesive failure in particulate filled polymers

The effect of adhesion between matrix and filler on mechanical properties of composites is analyzed. It is shown, that the loss of adhesion (extension of exfoliated surface) leads to a marked reduction of uniaxial tension modulus. Regularities of interphase crack growth were found and dependences of initial (critical) and final angles of exfoliation upon mechanical and scale factors were obtained.     

Certain exact bounds for seminorms given on spaces of periodic functions

Certain new bounds are established for the values of seminorms given on the spaces C and L^p (1p<) of periodic functions by means of the norm of the function itself and its finite differences, as well as of the moduli of continuity. These bounds are applied to concrete seminorms; in particular, to the best approximation, which yields a refinement of the direct theorems in approximation theory. The results obtained for spaces C and L¹ are exact.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 789–798, June, 1977.     

States of atoms and interatomic interactions in complex perovskite-like oxides: XXIII. Magnetic dilution in the La(Sr)NiO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-LaGaO<Subscript>3</Subscript> system

Magnetic susceptibility of dilute solid solutions of lanthanum gallates doped with nickel and also with nickel and strontium was studied. Calculations showed that the main contribution into the exchange interactions in gallates doped with nickel is made by dimers formed by low-spin nickel(III) (J-20 cm^?1), and in gallates doped with strontium and nickel the main contribution is due to dimers formed by high-and low-spin nickel (J 10 cm^?1). Electrical conductivity measurements showed that the samples under study are electron and ion conductors.     

Structure,magnetic, and electrical properties of bismuth niobates doped with <Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>-elements: XVI. Magnetic properties of manganese-containing solid solutions of bismuth orthoniobate BiNiO<Subscript>4</Subscript>

Magnetic susceptibility and ESR properties of manganese-containing solid solutions of bismuth orthoniobate BiNb_1–x Mn_xO_4–δ have been studied. Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV) atoms as well as their dimers exhibiting antiferro- and ferromagnetic types of exchange have been found in the solid solutions. Parameters of the exchange interactions in the clusters and the distribution of monomers and dimers of manganese atoms in the solid solutions have been calculated as functions of the paramagnetic atom fraction.     

Residual stress-strain state of a steel disk under thermal pulsed irradiation

The residual stress-strain state of a disk caused by the action of a laser pulse or an electron beam is investigated within the framework of the dynamic statement of the coupled problem of thermomechanics. The axially symmetric problem is solved numerically using the thermodynamically consistent theory of the inelastic behavior of the material involving the finite-element method and taking into account temperature dependences of physical and mechanical characteristics of the material. The response of the material to thermal irradiation followed by gradual cooling is studied, and the possibility of formation of surface profiles with the use of only thermal treatment is considered. Translated from Matematychni Metody ta Fizyko-Mekhanichni Polya, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 157–168, January–March, 2008.     

The possibility to use ‘energy plus transmutation’ set-up for neutron production and transport benchmark studies

The set-up ‘energy plus transmutation’, consisting of a thick lead target and a natural uranium blanket, was irradiated by relativistic proton beams with the energy from 0.7 GeV up to 2 GeV. Neutron field was measured in different places of this set-up using different activation detectors. The possibilities of using the obtained data for benchmark studies are analyzed in this paper. Uncertainties of experimental data are shown and discussed. The experimental data are compared with results of simulation with MCNPX code.