Optimal control problem of the uncertain second‐order circuit based on first hitting criteria

First hitting criteria of a system are to initially achieve some performance indeces of the target state set. This paper primarily investigates the optimal control problem of the uncertain second‐order circuit based on first hitting criteria. First, considering time efficiency and different from the ordinary expected utility criterion over an infinite time horizon, two first hitting criteria which are reliability index and reliable time criteria are innovatively proposed. Second, assuming the circuit output voltage as an uncertain variable when the historical data is lacking, we better model the real circuit system with the uncertain second‐order differential equation which is essentially the uncertain fractional‐order differential equation. Then, based on the first hitting time theorem of the uncertain fractional‐order differential equation, the distribution function of the first hitting time under the second‐order circuit system is proposed and the uncertain second‐order circuit optimal control model (reliability index and reliable time‐based model) is transformed into corresponding crisp optimal problem. Lastly, analytic expressions of the optimal control for the reliability index model are obtained. Meanwhile, sufficient condition and guidance for parameters for the optimal solution of the reliable time‐based model are derived, and corresponding numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the fluctuation of our optimal solution for different parameters.     

Ablation induced by single-and multiple-femtosecond laser pulses in lithium niobate

We present results on the surface-damage threshold of lithium niobate after single-and multiple-femtosecond laser pulse irradiation at the pulse duration of 80 fs, with a 800-nm wavelength, and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The surface-ablation threshold was found to decrease significantly with an increase in the pulse number applied to the surface until reaching an almost constant level due to an incubation effect, which is attributed to the laser-induced defect formation. The threshold of lithium niobate under a single shot is found to be 2.82 J/cm², and the threshold fluence for an infinite number of pulses F _th(∞) converges to a common value of 0.52 ± 0.06 J/cm² for N > 80. The results have the potential for application in laser micromachining and the fabrication of related optical devices and applications in frequency conversion by a femtosecond laser in lithium niobate.     

Complete and Nondestructive Atomic Bell‐State Analysis Assisted by Inverse Engineering

A protocol for complete and nondestructive atomic Bell‐state analysis by using inverse engineering is presented. The setups for the Bell‐state analysis contain four atoms trapped in four separated cavities, respectively. The laser pulses designed by inverse engineering help in the manipulation of the transitions of atoms in a robust manner. By using the protocol, the information for distinguishing four Bell states of two information‐carrying atoms is encoded on two auxiliary atoms. Therefore, the four Bell states can be distinguished without being destroyed by detecting the states of the two auxiliary atoms. Moreover, as shown by the numerical simulations, the protocol has high successful probabilities to distinguish four Bell states when decoherence is considered. Thus, the protocol may provide some helpful perspectives for the quantum information tasks based on Bell states.     

强激光加载下高压液氘材料的电导率

液氘在高压下有丰富的电学光学性质。利用反射率和相对介电函数关系并从广义极化角度出发初步建立了计算低Z材料电导率的简易模型;在神光-Ⅱ装置上利用第九路激光冲击加载液氘材料并测量了其在强激光冲击下的高压状态参数和反射率。结合上述理论模型和实验,研究了高压下液氘的电离度和电导率。结果表明,液氘在约70 GPa时的电导率约为2.87105 (Wm)-1,已呈现出较为明显的金属电导特性。显然,冲击加载下液氘从绝缘分子态开始电离并向金属氘转变发生在更低的压强。     

基于听觉感知特性的双耳音频处理技术*

自20世纪30年代引入立体声以来,人类对逼真的听觉体验一直进行着孜孜不倦的追求。双耳音频处理技术基于人耳听觉感知特性,利用计算机和数字信号处理等技术在听者双耳鼓膜处模拟出与真实场景相同的声压,以期给人以“身临其境”的体验,一直是音频信号处理领域的重要研究内容,特别是近两年随着虚拟现实等应用的蓬勃发展,得到更多关注。该文主要围绕双耳音频处理技术中所涉及的关键环节:双耳录音、双耳合成、耳机重放、扬声器重放、头跟踪等领域,以及相关典型应用场景进行较为系统的介绍,最后给出总结与展望。     

980 nm激发下Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂ZrO2-Al2O3粉末的上转换发光特性

通过固相反应法制备了Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂ZrO2-Al2O3粉末的样品,并对样品在980nm激光激发下的上转换发光特性进行了研究.从发射光谱可以发现,在可见光范围内有3个强的发光带,一个位于654nm附近的红光带和两个分别位于545nm、525nm附近的绿光带,分别对应于Er3+离子的以下辐射跃迁:4F9/2→4I15/2、4S3/2→4I15/2、2H11/2→4I15/2.其中又以Er3+离子的4F9/2→4I15/2跃迁产生的红色荧光辐射最强.对其上转换发光机制进行了分析,发现这三个发光过程都是双光子过程.对样品粉末进行了XRD检测,发现ZrO2主要以立方相为主,并且计算得到了这种立方结构的晶格常数.Al2O3固溶于ZrO2中,Al3+嵌入ZrO2后产生氧空位,导致ZrO2晶体的对称性降低,这种结构变化更有利于提高上转换效率,即上转换发光强度增强.     

排列形状及阵列数目对纳米导线阵列场发射性能的影响

为了进一步研究纳米导线阵列的排列形状以及阵列数目对其场发射行为的影响，利用镜像悬浮球模型对正方形以及六边形排列的纳米导线阵列的场发射行为进行计算与模拟，近似的得到纳米导线阵列的场发射增强因子满足如下的变化趋势：β=h/ρ(1/1+W)+1/2(1/1+W)²+3,其中h为纳米导线的高度，ρ为纳米导线的半径，W是以R为自变量的函数，R为纳米导线阵列的间距.结果显示纳米导线阵列的排列形状对其场发射性能的影响较小，而阵列间距则是影响场发射性能的关键因素：当R<R₀时，场发射增强因子随着阵列间距的减小而急剧减小；当R>R₀时，场发射增强因子基本不变，其中R₀为导线阵列场发射的最佳间距.进一步研究表明改变纳米导线阵列的数目基本不会改变阵列的场发射性能随间距的变化趋势，但是随着阵列数目的增加，R₀会有一定程度的减小，场发射增强因子也会降低. 关键词： 纳米导线 场发射 增强因子 阵列数目     

Generation of nonclassical states in a large detuning cavity

By using the theory of cavity QED, we study the system in which a two-level atom interacts with a cavity in the case of large detuning. Through the selective detecting of atomic state, Schrodinger cat states and entangled coherent states are easily generated. When the atom is driven by a weak classical field and the cavity field is in the Schrodinger cat state, we study the conditions of generating the Fock states and the maximal success probability. The maximal success probability in our scheme is larger than the previous one.     

Entanglement control in one-dimensional s= 1/2 random XY spin chain

The entanglement in one-dimensional random XY spin systems where the impurities of exchange couplings and the external magnetic fields are considered as random variables is investigated by solving the different spin-spin correlation functions and the average magnetization per spin. The entanglement dynamics near particular locations of the system is also studied when the exchange couplings （or the external magnetic fields） satisfy three different distributions （the Gaussian distribution, double-Gaussian distribution, and bimodal distribution）. We find that the entanglement can be controlled by varying the strength of external magnetic field and the distributions of impurities. Moreover, the entanglement of some nearest-neighbouring qubits can be increased for certain parameter values of the three different distributions.     

Generation of multipartite entangled states by cavity QED

We propose the methods of generating multipartite entanglement by considering the interaction of a system of N two-level atoms in M cavities of high quality factor with a strong classical driving field. It is shown that, with the cavity detuning, the applied driving field detuning and vacuum Rabi coupling, we can produce an entangled coherent state in two single-mode cavities and generate the entangled coherent cluster states in two bimodal vacuum cavities. Tuning these parameters also allows us to acquire the anti-Jaynes-Cummings （AJC） interaction, with which we can generate the maximally two-photon entangled states, and the two-atom and the two-photon entangled cluster states.