全文获取类型
收费全文 | 76833篇 |
免费 | 13705篇 |
国内免费 | 6800篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 68415篇 |
晶体学 | 859篇 |
力学 | 3064篇 |
综合类 | 418篇 |
数学 | 7513篇 |
物理学 | 17069篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 120篇 |
2023年 | 756篇 |
2022年 | 1271篇 |
2021年 | 1587篇 |
2020年 | 2553篇 |
2019年 | 3803篇 |
2018年 | 2205篇 |
2017年 | 1866篇 |
2016年 | 4943篇 |
2015年 | 5105篇 |
2014年 | 5372篇 |
2013年 | 6715篇 |
2012年 | 6265篇 |
2011年 | 5738篇 |
2010年 | 5328篇 |
2009年 | 5216篇 |
2008年 | 4957篇 |
2007年 | 4137篇 |
2006年 | 3617篇 |
2005年 | 3526篇 |
2004年 | 2966篇 |
2003年 | 2632篇 |
2002年 | 3467篇 |
2001年 | 2623篇 |
2000年 | 2217篇 |
1999年 | 1323篇 |
1998年 | 872篇 |
1997年 | 743篇 |
1996年 | 757篇 |
1995年 | 617篇 |
1994年 | 571篇 |
1993年 | 500篇 |
1992年 | 443篇 |
1991年 | 396篇 |
1990年 | 303篇 |
1989年 | 241篇 |
1988年 | 214篇 |
1987年 | 161篇 |
1986年 | 179篇 |
1985年 | 182篇 |
1984年 | 123篇 |
1983年 | 89篇 |
1982年 | 84篇 |
1981年 | 75篇 |
1980年 | 62篇 |
1979年 | 66篇 |
1978年 | 44篇 |
1976年 | 39篇 |
1974年 | 46篇 |
1973年 | 47篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
Zhenguang Wang Chuanchuan Zhang Henggang Wang Yuan Xiong Xinjian Yang Yu‐e Shi Andrey L. Rogach 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(25):9997-10002
Sulfur is not normally considered a light‐emitting material, even though there have been reports of a dim luminescence of this compound in the blue‐to‐green spectral region. Now, it is shown how to make red‐emissive sulfur by a two‐step oxidation approach using elemental sulfur and Na2S as starting materials, with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 7.2 %. Polysulfide is formed first and is partially transformed into Na2S2O3 in the first step, and then turns back to elemental S in the second step. The elevated temperature and relatively oxygen‐deficient environment during the second step transforms Na2S2O3 into Na2SO3 incorporated with oxygen vacancies, thus resulting in the formation of a solid‐state powder consisting of elemental S embedded in Na2SO3. It shows aggregation‐induced emission properties, attributed to the influence of oxygen vacancies on the emission dynamics of sulfur by providing additional lower energy states that facilitate the radiative relaxation of excitons. 相似文献
992.
Ana Isabel González Flórez Eike Mucha Dr. Doo‐Sik Ahn Sandy Gewinner Dr. Wieland Schöllkopf Prof. Dr. Kevin Pagel Dr. Gert von Helden 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(10):3295-3299
Here we present a combined experimental and theoretical study on the secondary structure of isolated proteins as a function of charge state. In infrared spectra of the proteins ubiquitin and cytochrome c, amide I (C=O stretch) and amide II (N–H bend) bands can be found at positions that are typical for condensed‐phase proteins. For high charge states a new band appears, substantially red‐shifted from the amide II band observed at lower charge states. The observations are interpreted in terms of Coulomb‐driven transitions in secondary structures from mostly helical to extended C5‐type hydrogen‐bonded structures. Support for this interpretation comes from simple energy considerations as well as from quantum chemical calculations on model peptides. This transition in secondary structure is most likely universal for isolated proteins that occur in mass spectrometric experiments. 相似文献
993.
Electrolytic Formation of Crystalline Silicon/Germanium Alloy Nanotubes and Hollow Particles with Enhanced Lithium‐Storage Properties 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Wei Xiao Jing Zhou Dr. Le Yu Prof. Dihua Wang Prof. Xiong Wen Lou 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(26):7427-7431
Crystalline silicon(Si)/germanium(Ge) alloy nanotubes and hollow particles are synthesized for the first time through a one‐pot electrolytic process. The morphology of these alloy structures can be easily tailored from nanotubes to hollow particles by varying the overpotential during the electro‐reduction reaction. The continuous solid diffusion governed by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect results in the formation of inner void in the alloy particles. Benefitting from the compositional and structural advantages, these SiGe alloy nanotubes exhibit much enhanced lithium‐storage performance compared with the individual solid Si and Ge nanowires as the anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. 相似文献
994.
Relationship between grain boundary diffusion in nanocrystals and amorphous microstructure 下载免费PDF全文
Lin‐lin Sun Jun Wang Hong‐chao Kou Jin‐shan Li Ping‐xiang Zhang 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2016,48(12):1341-1344
The effects of microstructure on diffusion behaviors of Ni in Zr48Cu36Ag8Al8 alloy were investigated by transmission electron microscope and secondary ion mass spectrum. The temperature dependence of Ni diffusivities in Zr48Cu36Ag8Al8 alloy with different states (metallic glass, nanocrystals and coarse crystals) has been measured in the temperature range of 693–723 K. The results show that diffusion behavior is microstructure dependence, and the relations between the microstructure and diffusion are discussed. The activity energy of the grain boundary diffusion in nanocrystals calculated by the Suzuoka solution is about 1.433 eV/atom. It is equivalent with that of metallic glass, which is attributed to the similar microstructure between the two. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
995.
Quantitative analysis of MWCNT agglomeration in polymeric‐based membranes using atomic force microscope 下载免费PDF全文
Hatijah Basri Masooma Irfan Muhammad Irfan Woei‐Jye Lau Sutrasno Kartohardjono 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2017,49(1):55-62
In this work, we performed an analysis on the surface properties of polyethersulfone (PES)‐based ultrafiltration membranes that were prepared by incorporating acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (f‐MWCNT) and polyvinylpyrrolidone into membrane matrix via simple blending method. The bonding‐chemistry of the nanocomposites implanted within the PES membrane was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer while atomic force microscope was employed to observe the distribution of f‐MWCNT in the membrane matrix and further measured its agglomeration quantitatively. The resultant 3D atomic force microscope images provided the most satisfactory way to examine the distribution of nanomaterials in the membranes, and with the help of ‘point profile data’ the maximum height and width of the agglomerated cluster could be quantitatively calculated. Moreover, the surface profile studies of the membrane surface provided the information about the length, volume, area, perimeter, radius and diameter of grains. It was observed that PES/nanocomposite blended membranes were held together via strong hydrogen bonding, but poor dispersion of MWCNT in the membrane matrix reduced the membrane performance in terms of protein (pepsin and bovine albumin serum) rejection and increased the surface roughness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
996.
Hai-Hua Xie Jian Su Xiao-Lei Ge Ting-Ting Dong Xin Li Hui-Min Wen 《Natural product research》2018,32(4):418-424
Eight compounds were isolated from the seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.ex A.DC. On the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data, holarrhenanan (1) was identified as a new compound, compounds 2–3 were isolated from H. antidysenterica for the first time, and five known compounds were also obtained. Inhibitory effects of some compounds and extracts to the intestinal peristalsis were evaluated. Results showed that the extracts and compounds 4, 6 exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects with tension inhibition rate of 32.77, 32.77% and amplitude inhibition rate of 59.51, 55.98%, respectively on the vitro rabbit intestinal peristalsis. 相似文献
997.
Abstract The zinc(II) complex with 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole, namely [Zn(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazolate)2]·C2H5OH (1 · C2H5OH) has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography and photoluminescent analysis. The complex crystallizes
in monoclinic space group P21/c with cell parameters a = 10.156(1) ?, b = 25.771(3) ?, c = 9.674(1) ?, α = 90°, β = 103.641(2)°, γ = 90°, Z = 4, V = 2460.4(4) ?3. The central Zn(II) is four-coordinate and has a tetrahedral geometry. The steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescent
spectra for the title compound have also been studied. The emission property can be ascribed to ligand-centered charge-transfer
transition (LCCT) with π → π* property.
Index Abstract
A new co-crystal of Zn(II) complex of 2-(2-hydroxylphenyl)benzimidazole with ethanol solvate has been prepared, characterized
by X-ray crystallography and fluorescent studies.
相似文献
998.
采用过冷熔体定向约束生长方法生长了尺寸约为30×15×8 mm3的块状间硝基苯胺晶体,并对生长晶体的光学均匀性、光学透过率、二次谐波转换效率以及激光损伤阈值等性能进行了测试.结果表明:生长的间硝基苯胺晶体在500~1150 nm波段内的光学透过率均在92;以上;最高二次谐波转换效率达到69.6;;单点激光脉冲损伤阈值分别为19.8 GW/cm2(输入光波为1064 nm)和45.3 GW/cm2(输入光波为532 nm).采用过冷熔体定向约束生长的间硝基苯胺晶体适合用作Nd: YAG激光的二次倍频器件,也适于作500~1150 nm波段的光学调制器件. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Instead of the biharmonic type equation, a set of new governing equations and solving method for circular sector plate bending
is presented based on the analogy between plate bending and plane elasticity problems. So the Hamiltonian system can also
be applied to plate bending problems by introducing bending moment functions. The new method presents the analytical solutions
for the circular sector plate. The results show that the new method is effective.
Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation (No. 19732020) and the Doctoral Research Foundation of China. 相似文献