面向原子制造的框架核酸研究进展

框架核酸是核酸分子通过自组装形成的一维到三维的框架结构,不仅能精准定位功能基元,还可实现在纳米甚至原子级尺度上进行力学、光学和电学等物理性质,以及单分子水平化学与生化反应的精准调控.利用框架核酸对物质进行原子级的人工自组装,可实现基本构筑单元的精准物理排布与功能化集成,进而实现器件制造,有望推动从原子到宏观的精确功能化...     

Thermo-Responsive ZnPc-g-TiO2-g-PNIPAM Photocatalysts Sensitized with Phthalocyanines for Water Purification under Visible Light

A novel thermo-responsive 2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis[(3-carboxyacrylamide) phthalocyaninato] zinc (ZnPc)-g-TiO₂-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) photocatalyst modified with phthalocyanines was prepared. The photocatalyst exhibited thermo-responsive properties due to the introduction of PNIPAM, which performed recovery for reuse above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST, about 26 °C). ZnPc-g-TiO₂-g-PNIPAM effectively expanded the light response range to the visible light region and inhibited the recombination of electron–hole pairs, which enhanced the performance of the photocatalyst. As expected, ZnPc-g-TiO₂-g-PNIPAM (0.3 g/L) exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB, 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L) and methylene blue (MB, 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L) under visible light, which reached 97.2% and 88.6% at 20 °C within 40 min, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of temperature upon photocatalytic performance was also investigated. When the temperature increased from 20 °C to 45 °C, the removal of RhB decreased by approximately 53.8%. The stability of the photocatalyst demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity was still above 80% for the removal of RhB after 3 cycles. Above all, this work provided an intelligent thermally responsive photocatalyst based on phthalocyanine for water purification under visible light.     

带展向曲率的超音速混合层中扰动演化的研究

超音速混合层的流动不稳定性较之亚音速或不可压的混合层大大减弱,为了提高混合效率, 通过数值模拟的方法分别研究了展向曲率、展向速度、来流马赫数等因素对混合效率所 起的作用. 计算结果表明：在给定展向速度的情况下,带有展向曲率的三维混合层,曲率越 大三维扰动增长率越大,而且法向的卷起范围也越大. 当展向曲率不为零时,展向速度的增 大也能有效地增强混合能力. 由流场中的高频扰动波产生的涡,在向下游发展过程中会有破 碎、拉伸,低频扰动波没有发现这一现象. 对于有展向曲率和展向速度的混合层,提高来流 马赫数时,流场中最不稳定扰动的增长率仍很大. 因此,这是一种提高混合层混合效率的新 途径.     

模糊有限自动机两个算子的若干性质

在文[1]定义了模糊有限自动机的bifuzzy seccessor算子和bifuzzy source算子的基础上,着重研究它们之间的基本性质及关系,并得到几个重要的性质定理。     

基于机器学习的直接电离质谱爆炸物检测方法

直接电离质谱系统在现场快速检测中的应用日益广泛,主要用于爆炸物、毒品、食品添加剂等的检测.然而,直接电离质谱系统中质谱信号波动大且同一浓度样品峰强呈现对数正态分布,严重影响了检出限附近低浓度样品的检测准确性.该研究将乙酰水杨酸(115个样品)作为爆炸物模拟物,利用介质阻挡放电离子源与质谱系统,研究了基于机器学习的直接电...     

基于无人机高光谱特征参数和株高估算马铃薯地上生物量

地上生物量(above-ground biomass,AGB)是评价作物长势及其产量估测的重要指标,对指导农业管理具有重要的作用.因此,快速准确地获取生物量信息,对于监测马铃薯生长状况,提高产量具有重要的意义.于马铃薯现蕾期、块茎形成期、块茎增长期、淀粉积累期、成熟期获取成像高光谱影像、实测株高(heigh,H)、地上...     

Spider Silk-Improved Quartz-Enhanced Conductance Spectroscopy for Medical Mask Humidity Sensing

Spider silk is one of the hottest biomaterials researched currently, due to its excellent mechanical properties. This work reports a novel humidity sensing platform based on a spider silk-modified quartz tuning fork (SSM-QTF). Since spider silk is a kind of natural moisture-sensitive material, it does not demand additional sensitization. Quartz-enhanced conductance spectroscopy (QECS) was combined with the SSM-QTF to access humidity sensing sensitively. The results indicate that the resonance frequency of the SSM-QTF decreased monotonously with the ambient humidity. The detection sensitivity of the proposed SSM-QTF sensor was 12.7 ppm at 1 min. The SSM-QTF sensor showed good linearity of ~0.99. Using this sensor, we successfully measured the humidity of disposable medical masks for different periods of wearing time. The results showed that even a 20 min wearing time can lead to a >70% humidity in the mask enclosed space. It is suggested that a disposable medical mask should be changed <2 h.     

CeO2修饰Ni3S2纳米片用于高效电催化析氧

电化学水分解制氢作为重要的生产氢能的新能源技术,包括氢气析出反应(HER)和氧气析出反应(OER).然而,OER进行的是多步电子转移过程,动力学过程缓慢且过电位高,严重制约了电解水制氢的发展.因此开发低成本、高效稳定的非贵金属催化剂替代贵金属催化剂(RuO2,IrO2)来降低过电位,减少能源消耗十分必要.Ni3S2由于...     

Recent Progress in Iron-Based Microwave Absorbing Composites: A Review and Prospective

With the rapid development of communication technology in civil and military fields, the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution caused by the electromagnetic wave becomes particularly prominent and brings great harm. It is urgent to explore efficient electromagnetic wave absorption materials to solve the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution. Therefore, various absorbing materials have developed rapidly. Among them, iron (Fe) magnetic absorbent particle material with superior magnetic properties, high Snoek’s cut-off frequency, saturation magnetization and Curie temperature, which shows excellent electromagnetic wave loss ability, are kinds of promising absorbing material. However, ferromagnetic particles have the disadvantages of poor impedance matching, easy oxidation, high density, and strong skin effect. In general, the two strategies of morphological structure design and multi-component material composite are utilized to improve the microwave absorption performance of Fe-based magnetic absorbent. Therefore, Fe-based microwave absorbing materials have been widely studied in microwave absorption. In this review, through the summary of the reports on Fe-based electromagnetic absorbing materials in recent years, the research progress of Fe-based absorbing materials is reviewed, and the preparation methods, absorbing properties and absorbing mechanisms of iron-based absorbing materials are discussed in detail from the aspects of different morphologies of Fe and Fe-based composite absorbers. Meanwhile, the future development direction of Fe-based absorbing materials is also prospected, providing a reference for the research and development of efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with strong absorption performance, frequency bandwidth, light weight and thin thickness.     

大学物理实验教学体系改革与实践

本文就大学物理实验的教学体系、教学模式改革进行了探讨和实践。