Synthesis of water soluble metalloporphyrin-cored amphiphilic star block copolymer photocatalysts for an environmental application

Two series of water-soluble metalloporphyrin-cored amphiphilic star block copolymers were synthesized by controlled radical polymerizations such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), which gave eight amphiphilic block copolymer arm chains consisting of poly(n-butyl acrylate-b-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacylate) (PnBA-b-PEGMEMA, M_n,GPC = 78,000, M_w/M_n = 1.2, 70 wt% of PPEGMEMA) and poly(styrene-b-2-dimethylamino ethyl acrylate) (PS-b-PDMAEA, M_n,GPC = 83,000, M_w/M_n = 1.2, 67 wt% of PDMAEA), yielding porphyrin(Pd)-(PnBA-b-PPEGMEMA)₈ and porphyrin(Pd)-(PS-b-PDMAEA)₈, respectively. Obtained metalloporphyrin polymer photocatalysts were homogeneously solubilized in water to apply to the removal of chlorophenols in water, and was distinguished from conventional water-insoluble small molecular metalloporphyrin photocatalysts. Notably, we found that the water-soluble star block copolymers with hydrophobic–hydrophilic core–shell structures more effectively decomposed the chlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), in water under visible light irradiation (k = 1.39 h^?1, t_1/2 = 0.5 h) in comparison to the corresponding water-soluble star homopolymer, because the hydrophobic core near the metalloporphyrin effectively captured and decomposed the hydrophobic chlorophenols in water.     

Highly efficient mesoporous WO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>/KIT-6 catalysts for oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene with hydrogen peroxide

Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of organic compounds containing sulfur element from a model oil was performed using tungsten oxide catalysts supported on mesoporous silica with cubic Ia3d mesostructure, well-defined mesopores (7.2 nm), high surface area (719 m²/g), and three-dimensional pore network (WO _x /KIT-6). The prepared WO _x /KIT-6 catalysts (5–20 wt% WO _x ) were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, N₂ sorption measurements, electron microscopy, H₂-temperature programmed reduction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Among the mesoporous catalysts, 10 wt% WO _x /KIT-6 exhibited the best catalytic performance. Sulfur-containing organic compounds, such as dibenzothiophene, 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene, and benzothiophene, were completely (100 %) removed from the model oil over 10 wt% WO _x /KIT-6 catalyst in 2 h. In addition, the catalyst could be reused several times with only slight decrease in catalytic activity.     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive [5+1] Cycloaddition of 3‐Acetoxy‐1,4‐enynes with CO: Access to Phenols Enabled by Hydrosilanes

A new palladium‐catalyzed reductive [5+1] cycloaddition of 3‐acetoxy‐1,4‐enynes with CO, enabled by hydrosilanes, has been developed for delivering valuable functionalized phenols. This methodology employs hydrosilanes as the external reagent to facilitate the [5+1] carbonylative benzannulation. The reaction is a conceptually and mechanistically novel carbonylative cycloaddition route for the construction of substituted phenols, through the formation of four new chemical bonds, with excellent functional‐group tolerance.     

Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Crystalline Morphologies of Poly(butylene adipate-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) Copolymers

In this study,the isothermal crystallization kinetics and crystalline morphology of poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PBAC),which refers to a copolyester containing a non-planar ring structure,were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy,and compared with those of neat poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PBC).The results indicate that the introduction ofbutylene adipate (BA) unit into PBAC did not change the intrinsical crystallization mechanism.But,the crystallization rate and ability,and equilibrium melting temperature of PBAC copolymers were reduced.All PBC and PBAC copolymers could only form high density of nucleation from melt at given supercooling,while no Maltese cross or ring-banded spherulites could be observed.PBAC copolymers with a high amount of BA unit became amorphous after quenching with liquid nitrogen from melt,while PBC and PBAC copolymers with a low amount of BA unit could still form a large amount of nuclei under the same treatment.     

聚焦变革中的催化——始终基于解决重大经济社会需求的催化工程问题（英文）

催化是化学工业中最重要和最普遍的跨学科技术,也是具有重要社会影响的学科之一,是一门基于应用、注重实践、与化学工程息息相关的学科.应用、实践是催化的根本,也是其生命力所在,其发展轨迹与人类的历史进程密不可分.从20世纪初Mittasch贡献的高效Fe基催化剂为氮基化肥的大规模推广奠定了基础,到60年代,分子筛裂化催化剂使汽油收率和辛烷值大幅提升,为交通运输业的大力发展奠定了能源基础,推动了交通运输业的革命.从齐格勒和纳塔TiCl_4-AlEt_3体系催化乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等在低压下高收率地聚合,生成分子结构高度规整的立体定向聚合物——聚烯烃,到汽车排气管中的Pt-Rh-Pd三效催化剂,可以通过氧化和还原反应,把废气中的烃类物质和CO转化为水和CO_2,同时把环境危害大的NO_x分解成无害的N_2和O_2,等等.这些催化的印记推动了产业变革和社会进步.可以说,无处不在的催化支撑了人类社会的发展.近年有些突破也发生在我国,使我们更加感受到催化的力量.催化科学与技术是极其复杂的.一方面表现在表面科学的知识和催化反应的物理化学现象建模,材料科学和无机化学以制备合适的纳米结构催化剂;另一方面表现在催化剂成型、反应动力学评价和催化过程建模.这两个方面均涉及原料多样性、催化材料多变性、化工工艺适应性、宏量制备放大效应,以及本征与表观性能关联等复杂问题.但是这些复杂性问题与催化发展的根本相比,或者说,与催化发展的核心驱动力相比,很显然,催化解决重大经济社会问题更应引起关注,这是催化的使命所在.目前,我国催化基础研究走在了世界前列,已经取得了重大突破,李灿等成功组织举办了第16届国际催化大会,包信和、孙予罕等科学家的一系列重大催化基础研究成果在Science、Nature等期刊上发表,李灿、包信和等多名科学家被国际催化相关学术组织颁发荣誉称号,张涛等人一系列重大成果被评为重要进展.与此同时,我国在煤制烃、油品质量升级以及绿色化工等能源化工催化方面取得了重大的工业化成果.这些走在世界前列的重大催化工业化成果驱动了我国经济社会发展.本文试图总结这些重大工业化催化成果,并基于经济社会发展提炼相关催化问题,探讨发展方向、路径与对策.     

Peptide dendrimer-crosslinked inorganic-organic hybrid supramolecular hydrogel for efficient anti-biofouling

A novel kind of inorganic-organic hybrid supramolecular hydrogel with excellent anti-biofouling capability was developed. The hydrogel was formed via ionic interaction between the negative-charged sodium polyacrylate (SPA) entwined clay nanosheets (CNS) and positive-charged polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) core-based generation one (L-Arginine) dendrimer (POSS-R).     

Carrier dynamics in CsPbI3 perovskite microcrystals synthesized in solution phase

Carrier diffusion and recombination kinetics in all-inorganic CsPbI₃ perovskite microcrystals directly synthesized in solution phase are reported.     

Synthesis of 1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent nano-probes and their application in pH detection

Fluorescent nano-probes with particle sizes of 20 nm, 120 nm and 300 nm for proton were prepared through click reaction. The photophysical properties of the nano-probes were mainly affected by the particle size.     

Hybrids of MnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles anchored on graphene sheets as efficient sulfur hosts for high-performance lithium sulfur batteries

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is considered as a promising option for electrochemical energy storage applications because of its low-cost and high theoretical capacity. However, the practical application of Li–S battery is still hindered due to the poor electrical conductivity of S cathode and the high dissolution/shuttling of polysulfides in electrolyte. Herein, we report a novel physical and chemical entrapment strategy to address these two problems by designing a sulfur–MnO₂@graphene (S–MnO₂@GN) ternary hybrid material structure. The MnO₂ particles with size of ~ 10 nm are anchored tightly on the wrinkled and twisted GN sheets to form a highly efficient sulfur host. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of GN and MnO₂ in both improving the electronic conductivity and hindering polysulfides by physical and chemical adsorptions, this unique S–MnO₂@GN composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performances. Reversible specific capacities of 1416, 1114, and 421 mA h g^?1 are achieved at rates of 0.1, 0.2, and 3.2 C, respectively. After a 100 cycle stability test, S–MnO₂@GN composite cathode could still maintain a reversible capacity of 825 mA h g^?1.