Saturation ratio of poly(ethylene oxide) to silicate in melt intercalated nanocomposites

Melt intercalation has been found to be a very successful approach for preparation of polymer-clay nanocomposites. An aspect of this area that has been little investigated is the amount of polymer required to fill the interlayer galleries of the clay. This paper reports experiments which determine the amount of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) required to saturate the spacing between montmorillonite (MMT) or organically-modified bentonite (B34) layers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the saturation ratios of PEO to silicates, which are then compared to theoretical calculations. The deduced saturation ratio of PEO to MMT is 28:72, and PEO to B34 15:85 by XRD and DSC, whilst ratios of PEO to MMT of 21:79 and PEO to B34 10:90 were obtained via TGA. The density of intercalated PEO in the silicate galleries is estimated to be 0.82 g/cm³, which suggests that PEO in the silicate galleries is far less efficiently packed than in the amorphous region of the bulk polymer.     

BaCe1—xRExO3—0.5x的溶胶—凝胶法合成及离子导电性

用溶胶－凝胶法合成了系列钙钛矿结构的ＢａＣｅ１－ｘＲＥｘＯ３－０．５ｘ（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｇｄ，Ｄｙ，Ｈｏ，Ｅｒ和Ｙ）复合氧化物，通过ＸＲＤ和热分析对样品结构及生成过程进行了研究．测定了不同温度下样品的交流阻抗谱，讨论了稀土离子掺杂对ＢａＣｅＯ３电性质的影响．溶胶－凝胶法比固相反应法合成温度降低了６００～８００℃，稀土掺杂使ＢａＣｅＯ３离子导电率提高了１０～４０倍．     

反相流动注射催化光度法测定痕量锰

本文基于在邻菲罗啉活化下，锰（Ⅱ）对高碘酸钾氧化罗丹明Ｂ褪色的催化作用，建立了痕量锰的反相流动注射分析方法。方法的线性范围为０－５０μｇ／Ｌ，检测下限为０．７μｇ／Ｌ锰（Ⅱ）。对２０μｇ／Ｌ锰（Ⅱ）测定九次的相对标准偏差为１．８％，进样频率不少于６０次／ｈ。方法应用于水样和标准镁合金样品分析，结果满意。     

活性位高度暴露的钴/氮/碳电催化剂的构建及氧还原性能研究

金属/氮/碳催化剂（M/N/C，M=Fe、Co等）是最有发展前景的非贵金属电催化剂之一，其性能依赖于催化剂表面的活性物种密度.通过常规的热解含氮前驱物与金属盐的方法制得的催化剂往往存在金属活性物种被包埋而不能有效利用的缺点.考虑到石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）富含类吡啶氮和亚纳米孔腔结构，将g-C₃N₄包覆在高导电性碳纳米笼（hCNC）表面，进而利用表层g-C₃N₄的配位和限域作用锚定大量Co²⁺离子，获得的Co/g-C₃N₄/hCNC复合物经热解后形成了活性位高度暴露、导电性好、孔结构丰富的Co/N/C催化剂.800℃热解得到的最优化催化剂在碱性介质中展现出优异氧还原活性，其起始电位（0.97 V）与商业Pt/C催化剂相当，且抗甲醇干扰性能和稳定性优异.此项研究提供了一种构建具有高度暴露活性位的M/N/C催化剂的有效策略.     

Sulfur and Nitrogen Codoped Carbon Tubes as Bifunctional Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Media

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Qiang Wu and Zheng Hu at Nanjing University. The image depicts sulfur and nitrogen codoped carbon tubes as bifunctional metal‐free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution in acidic media. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201601535 .     

细胞色素P450酶催化的烷烃选择性羟化

碳氢键选择氧化是合成化学领域的重要课题,其中烷烃选择性羟化反应更是面临着化学选择性、区域选择性和立体选择性等多重挑战.细胞色素P450酶广泛分布于动植物和微生物体内,是公认的多功能生物氧化催化剂.P450酶对惰性C-H键的选择性氧化具有独特优势,在催化烷烃选择性羟化反应方面拥有巨大潜力.本综述简述了P450单加氧酶及其催化烷烃选择性羟化的反应机理,梳理了来自CYP153家族、CYP52家族和其他家族的天然P450酶催化各类烷烃底物的氧化反应和选择性,讨论了理性设计和定向进化策略在开发烷烃羟化P450突变酶过程中的经典案例,介绍了底物工程、诱饵分子、双功能小分子协同催化等几种化学活化P450酶的策略及其在烷烃羟化上的应用,探讨了P450酶在烷烃选择性羟化方面所面临的挑战和解决途径,并展望了其应用前景.     

Wearable Multiparameter Platform Based on AlGaN/GaN High‐electron‐mobility Transistors for Real‐time Monitoring of pH and Potassium Ions in Sweat

Biosensors based on field‐effect transistor (FET) structures have attracted considerable attention because they offer rapid, inexpensive parallel sensing and ultrasensitive label‐free detection. However, long‐term repeatable detection cannot be performed, and Ag/AgCl reference electrode design is complicated, which has hindered FET biosensors from becoming truly wearable health‐monitoring platforms. In this paper, we propose a novel wearable detection platform based on AlGaN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs). In this platform, a sweatband was used to continuously collect sweat, and a pH detecting unit and a potassium ion detecting unit were formed by modifying different sensitive films to realize the long‐term stable and repeatable detection of pH and potassium ions. Experimental data show that the wearable detection platform based on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has good sensitivity (pH 3–7 sensitivity is 45.72 μA/pH; pH 7.4–9 sensitivity is 51.073 μA/pH; and K⁺ sensitivity is 4.94 μA/lgα_K⁺), stability (28 days) and repeatability (the relative standard deviation (RSD) of pH 3–7 sensitivity is 2.6 %, the RSD of pH 7.4–9 sensitivity is 2.1 %, and the RSD of K⁺ sensitivity is 7.3 %). Our newly proposed wearable platform has excellent potential for predictive analytics and personalized medical treatment.     

空分复用光纤放大器增益均衡技术研究进展

随着第五代移动通信技术的正式商用,全球网络流量的需求呈爆炸式增长,传统单芯单模光纤通信系统的容量已接近香农极限,实现通信系统的升级扩容迫在眉睫.空分复用光纤通信系统基于空间维度复用,可有效解决未来通信系统的扩容难题,而空分复用光纤放大器是不可或缺的核心器件和研究焦点之一.当多信道功率增益不均衡时,功率差将会随传输距离的...     

螯合吸附材料ASA-PGMA/SiO2对稀土离子的吸附性能研究

采用静态吸附法研究了ASA-PGMA/SiO2对稀土离子的螯合吸附性能、吸附动力学和热力学。实验结果表明,其对稀土离子的吸附能力分别为:La3+:38.6 mg.g-1,Pr3+:39.6 mg.g-1,Nd3+:41.8 mg.g-1,Sm3+:42.8 mg.g-1,Tb3+:46.2 mg.g-1。吸附等温模型符合Lang-muir型单分子层吸附。介质pH值对材料的吸附能力有很大影响,pH值为6时吸附量最大。以盐酸为洗脱剂,当酸度为0.1 mol.L-1时,洗脱率为99.8%。连续吸附-脱附实验表明,ASA-PGMA/SiO2重复使用10次后,吸附能力变化很小。