Differentiating parts of Cinnamomum cassia using LC‐qTOF‐MS in conjunction with principal component analysis

Cinnamon bark (Rou Gui in Chinese), cinnamon twig (Gui Zhi) and shaved cinnamon bark (Gui Sin) have been widely used as spices and in traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. On‐going issues related to quality and authenticity necessitate the development of analytical methods capable of providing an objective evaluation of samples. In this study, chemical fingerprints of cinnamon bark, cinnamon twigs and shaved cinnamon bark were established using liquid chromatography quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). From 125 samples of cinnamon, we identified the following eight compounds and their the detection ratios: coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2‐hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 2‐hydroxycinnamic acid, 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde and 4‐methoxycinnamaldehyde. Of these, 4‐methoxycinnamaldehyde presented the largest variations in detection ratio, making up 64.0, 97.4 and 50.0% in cinnamon bark, cinnamon twig, and shaved cinnamon bark, respectively. The quantities of cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin and cinnamaldehyde also varied between the three parts of the plant. Chemical fingerprints of the three cinnamon samples were established using principal component analysis, the results of which indicate that cinnamon bark and shaved cinnamon bark could be easily differentiated, despite a marked similarity in outward appearance. Cinnamon twig was also shown to depart from the other clusters. The proposed method provides a fast and efficient means of identifying cinnamon herbs for quality control purposes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Atomically Precise Au10Ag2 Nanocluster with Red–Near‐IR Dual Emission

A red–near‐IR dual‐emissive nanocluster with the composition [Au₁₀Ag₂(2‐py?C≡C)₃(dppy)₆](BF₄)₅ ( 1 ; 2‐py?C≡C is 2‐pyridylethynyl, dppy=2‐pyridyldiphenylphosphine) has been synthesized. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis reveals that 1 has a trigonal bipyramidal Au₁₀Ag₂ core that contains a planar Au₄(2‐py?C≡C)₃ unit sandwiched by two Au₃Ag(dppy)₃ motifs. Cluster 1 shows intense red–NIR dual emission in solution. The visible emission originates from metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) from silver atoms to phosphine ligands in the Au₃Ag(dppy)₃ motifs, and the intense NIR emission is associated with the participation of 2‐pyridylethynyl in the frontier orbitals of the cluster, which is confirmed by a time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculation.     

高功率全固态绿光激光技术研究进展

 报道了高功率全固态腔内和腔外倍频两种绿光激光器研究进展。腔内倍频绿光激光器采用L型腔双棒串接结构,在重复频率10 kHz时,用三硼酸锂晶体倍频获得绿光功率186 W,光-光效率达15.8%。腔外倍频绿光激光器采用主振荡和功率放大器,在重复频率400 Hz时,获得基频激光单脉冲能量1.2 J,采用Ⅱ类相位匹配KTP晶体腔外倍频,获得525 mJ的绿光输出,倍频效率为43.7%。采用偏振合成技术获得了单脉冲能量大于1 J的绿光输出。在该激光放大器实验装置上,进行了双模块热效应补偿技术和受激布里渊散射相位共轭技术实验研究,改善了激光光束质量。     

双涂层光纤应变传感器的理论与实验研究

对带有聚合物涂敷层和缓冲层的光纤应变传感器的力学特性进行了研究,建立了双涂层光纤与基体材料相互作用的线弹性理论模型.理论研究表明：在小半径近似条件下,双涂层光纤的力学传递特性决定于涂覆层和缓冲层的弹性模量的相对值;当缓冲层的弹性模量远大于涂覆层时,其作用可忽略.实验中,将光纤传感器埋入基体材料内部,利用白光干涉应变测量方法,对平均应变传递系数进行了实验研究.实验结果与理论仿真具有较好的一致性.     

诱导空间非相干束匀滑技术的近区特性及改善技术

诱导空间非相干技术是面向激光驱动惯性约束核聚变的一种具有自身独特优势的束匀滑方法.然而直接使用诱导空间非相干方法将引起强烈的近区强度空间调制,这将威胁装置的运行安全,并严重限制装置的最大输出能力.这也是该方法应用于聚变级高功率激光装置的主要技术障碍之一.本文介绍了一种通过双透镜滤波系统对诱导空间非相干束匀滑技术导致的近区空间强度调制进行匀滑的技术.利用该技术可以在保留诱导空间非相干束匀滑方法的先天优势(更好的远区匀滑特性)的前提下,获得均匀、稳定的近区强度分布,从而避免高功率激光系统在使用诱导空间非相干束匀滑技术时,因为近区强度不均匀、不稳定导致的器件损伤及输出能力受限.在理论建模和数值分析的基础上,以近区调制度、软化因子和透过率为主要评价指标,对比分析了方形、圆形、高斯型等3种滤波孔在不同尺寸下的近区输出效果,最终给出了一种典型的优化结果:16×16诱导空间非相干分割数、0.8倍衍射极限宽度、方形小孔.此时近区强度分布均匀,同时保证了较好的远区匀滑效果和高的能量利用率.在此基础上,针对装置的实际应用情况,进一步分析了准直误差对近区强度分布的影响,结果表明准直误差小于0.1倍衍射极限便不会影响输出的近区质量.对诱导空间非相干束匀滑方法所得焦斑的模拟分析表明,滤波系统的加入能进一步改善焦斑的低频不均匀性.     

光纤光栅法布里-珀罗腔的V-I传输矩阵法研究

快速有效地获得多级联光纤光栅法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔的光谱特性,是优化设计基于上述结构建立的级联多波长激光器、放大器等各种光器件以及复杂分布式传感网络的重要基础和保障.将V-I传输矩阵法用于光纤光栅F-P腔反射光谱特性的分析,并建立了V-I传输矩阵模型.采用该模型对三种不同结构的光纤光栅F-P腔在不同参数下的光谱特性进行分析,并与传统多层膜法的分析结果相比较,表明V-I传输矩阵法能够在保证分析精度的前提下大大节省运算时间.实验结果表明,V-I传输矩阵法对光纤光栅F-P腔谱特性的分析结果比耦合模法更准确.     

A sensitive method for determination of salvianolic acid A in rat plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Salvianolic acid A (SAA), a major effective constituent of Salvia miltiorrhizas, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. A sensitive rapid analytical method was established and validated for SAA in rat plasma, which was further applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of SAA in rats receiving a single oral dose of SAA. The method used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode with chloramphenicol as the internal standard. A simple liquid-liquid extraction based on ethyl acetate was employed. The combination of a simple sample cleanup and short chromatographic run time (3 min) increased the throughput of the method substantially. The method was validated over the range 1.4-1000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient >0.99. The lower limit of quantification was 1.4 ng/mL for SAA in plasma. Intra- and inter-day accuracies for SAA were 95-113 and 98-107%, and the inter-day precision was less than 12%. This method is more sensitive and faster than previous methods. After a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg of SAA, the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of SAA was 318 ng/mL at 0.5 h, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-12 h) was 698 +/- 129 ng.h/mL, and the elimination half-life (T1/2) was 3.29 h.     

Synthesis of di-μ-oxo-tetra-(α-pentyloxy)tin(Ⅳ)phthalocynine

Axially substituted tin phthalocyanines, namely dichloride-tetra-(pentyloxy) tin (IV) phthalocyanine 3 and its dimmer di-cyanine 4 were synthesized. The catalytic effect of H2O-free CaCl2 in quinoline was used for condensation of dihydroxy tin phthalocyanine 3 to the cofacially array dimmer 4. Their structures were characterized by UV-vis, IR, elemental analysis, MS, as well as 1HNMR spectroscopy.     

废轮胎回转窑中试热解炭的重金属离子吸附特性

对废轮胎回转窑中试热解炭的重金属离子Pb2＋、Cr3＋和Cr6＋吸附特性进行了研究,分析了溶液pH值、接触时间、吸附剂用量以及溶液初始浓度对重金属去除率的影响。结果表明,溶液pH值对热解炭的重金属去除率有显著影响,阳离子Pb2＋、Cr3＋的去除率随pH的增加而增大,在弱酸和中性环境中去除率接近100％;Cr6＋在强酸性溶液中被还原成为Cr3＋,经二次吸附,总Cr去除率可达99％以上;Pb2＋和Cr3＋的去除率随热解炭用量和吸附时间的增大而增加,热解炭用量和吸附时间有一个最佳值。Pb2＋和Cr3＋的吸附为单分子层吸附,可用Langnuir和两段Freundlich等温吸附式描述,Freundlich拟合指数表明,热解炭具有较好的吸附性能。经酸洗后的热解炭对Pb2＋的去除率变低。