Synthesis of narrowly size-distributed metal salt/poly(HEMA) hybrid particles in inverse miniemulsion: versatility and mechanism

Hybrid particles containing different hydrophilic metal salts such as tetrafluoroborates of iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II), and nitrates of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II), and iron(III), and cobalt(II) chloride were synthesized via inverse miniemulsion polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). All salts delivered narrowly size-distributed hybrid particles with the exception of iron(III), where only the nitrate salt could be successfully employed. The size and size distribution of the hybrid particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle morphology and the distribution of salt in the dried particles were observed by TEM. The influences of the type of metal salts and salt content on the particle size distribution were extensively investigated.     

等离子喷涂铁－镍－钴－碳化钨涂层制动摩擦特性的研究

重载制动摩擦磨损特性制约着刹车装置的刹车性能及其使用寿命．在ＭＭ－１０００试验机上，对等离子喷涂Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－ＷＣ涂层的重载制动摩擦特性进行了试验研究．结果表明：在相同的试验条件下，等离子喷涂涂层分别与石棉摩擦材料和半金属摩擦材料对摩时的摩擦系数均比与基体３５ＣｒＭｏ钢对摩时的高，制动时间短，制动效率和耐磨性能都明显提高，制动力矩峰比小，刹车平稳，制动特性好；制动摩擦系数与制动压力、速度和转动惯量等参数密切相关，压力增大，摩擦系数减小，速度和转动惯量增大，石棉材料摩擦副的摩擦系数降低，半金属材料摩擦副的摩擦系数升高，而且半金属材料的摩擦系数的热稳定性比石棉摩擦材料的好     

Adsorption and self-assembly of aromatic carboxylic acids on Au/electrolyte interfaces

The adsorption and self-assembly of benzoic acid (BA), isophthalic acid (IA), and trimesic acid (TMA) on Au(111) single crystals and on Au(111-25 nm) quasi-single crystalline film electrodes have been investigated in 0.1 M HClO₄ by combining in situ surface-enhanced infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with cyclic voltammetry. All three acids are physisorbed on the electrode surface in a planar orientation at negative charge densities. Excursion to positive charge densities (or more positive potentials) causes an orientation change from planar to perpendicular. Chemisorbed structures are formed through the coordination of a deprotonated carboxyl group to the positively charged electrode surface. The three acid molecules assemble in different ordered patterns, which are controlled by π-stacking (BA) or intermolecular hydrogen bonds between COOH groups (IA, TMA). A detailed analysis of the potential and time dependencies of the ν_(C=O), ν_s(OCO), and ν_(C–OH) vibration modes shows that the strength of lateral interactions increases upon chemisorption with an increasing number of COOH groups in the sequence of BA<IA<TMA. The vibration bands shift to higher wavenumbers due to dipole–dipole coupling, Stark tuning, and electron back donation from the electrode to COO⁻. In addition, an “indirect” electron donation to the COOH groups takes place via the conjugated molecular skeleton superimposed on the intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Figure In-situ STM images of the physisorbed and chemisorbed adlayers of isophthalic acid on Au(111)-(1 × 1), the corresponding cyclic voltammogram and principle of the ATR-SEIRAS set-up     

Pinning modes and interlayer correlation in high-magnetic-field bilayer Wigner solids

We report studies of pinning mode resonances in the low total Landau filling (nu) Wigner solid of a series of bilayer hole samples with negligible interlayer tunneling and with varying interlayer separation d. Comparison of states with equal layer densities (p,p) to single layer states (p,0) produced in situ by biasing, indicates that there is interlayer quantum correlation in the solid at small d. Also, the resonance frequency at small d is decreased just near nu = 1/2 and 2/3, indicating the importance in the solid of correlations related to those in the fractional quantum Hall effects.     

On-Surface Synthesis of NBN-Doped Zigzag-Edged Graphene Nanoribbons

We report the first bottom-up synthesis of NBN-doped zigzag-edged GNRs (NBN-ZGNR1 and NBN-ZGNR2) through surface-assisted polymerization and cyclodehydrogenation based on two U-shaped molecular precursors with an NBN unit preinstalled at the zigzag edge. The resultant zigzag-edge topologies of GNRs are elucidated by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in combination with noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the electronic structures of NBN-ZGNR1 and NBN-ZGNR2 are significantly different from those of their corresponding pristine fully-carbon-based ZGNRs. Additionally, DFT calculations predict that the electronic structures of NBN-ZGNRs can be further tailored to be gapless and metallic through one-electron oxidation of each NBN unit into the corresponding radical cations. This work reported herein provides a feasible strategy for the synthesis of GNRs with stable zigzag edges yet tunable electronic properties.     

丙烯酰胺在聚乙二醇水溶液中的聚合动力学

用改进溴法对丙烯酰胺 (AM)在聚乙二醇 (PEG)水溶液中聚合动力学进行研究 .在单一和氧化还原引发体系中分别考察了引发剂、单体和PEG用量、不同HLB值乳化剂以及聚合温度等因素对动力学的影响 .得到AM聚合速率与过硫酸铵 (APS)浓度的 0 91次方成正比 ;单一APS和APS 三乙醇胺 (TEA)氧化还原引发体系中的AM聚合表观活化能分别为 96 1和 4 2 3kJ mol.     

High‐performance aromatic thermosetting resins with hydroxyl and ethynyl groups

A novel hydroxyl‐ethynyl‐arene (HEA) resin was synthesized via Aldol condensation and Sonogashira reaction. The structure of the obtained resin was confirmed by the techniques of mass spectroscopy (MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, (FT‐IR) and elemental analysis (EA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed an exotherm at the temperature range of 187°C–245°C, attributable to crosslinking reaction of the acetylene groups. After thermal cure, the obtained cured resin possessed excellent thermal stability. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen showed the Td₅ (temperature of 5% weight loss) was about 400°C, and the char yield in nitrogen was about 78% at 900°C. The laminate composite of HEA resin was prepared and its mechanical and thermal properties were determined. The usefulness of the HEA resin as matrix for ablative composite was evaluated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

毒素的光纤免疫传感器研究进展

介绍了毒素的光纤免疫传感器及相关固定化技术进展,评述了光纤免疫传感器在毒素检测中的应用。