神光Ⅲ原型黑腔物理实验研究

总结了在神光Ⅲ原型激光装置上开展的一系列黑腔物理实验研究,从多个方面研究了黑腔内部等离子体状态和辐射场特性。用真空黑腔能量学研究获得了散射光、辐射温度和不同能段辐射流份额的定标规律,从能量学角度梳理和分析了整个激光黑腔相互作用过程。通过对黑腔中充入低密度低Z气体抑制了腔壁等离子体运动,明显减少了可能造成靶丸预热的金M带辐射流(1.6~4.4keV)份额。针对黑腔内部不同区域等离子体,研究了光斑区等离子体的运动,分析了其与电子热传导限流因子的关系;研究了冕区等离子体的运动,分析了不同充气等离子体条件对其的影响;在同一发次实验中同时测量了光斑区与再发射区的辐射流比值。     

Uracil as Nucleating Agent for Bacterial Poly[(3‐Hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyhexanoate)] Copolymers

In this study, uracil has been introduced as the nucleating agent (NA) for bacterially synthesized poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyhexanoate)] (PHBHHx) copolymers with HHx content of 5, 10, 18 mol‐%, and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) homopolymer for the first time. Its effect was compared with the conventional NA of PHB, that is, boron nitride (BN), and two other naturally occurring pyrimidine derivatives, i.e., thymine and cytosine. The effects of uracil on the crystallization kinetics, melting behavior, spherulite morphology, and crystalline structure of PHBHHx and PHB were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). Uracil and BN exhibit the comparable nucleation efficiency on the crystallization of PHB, whereas uracil shows much more effective nucleation ability than BN for PHBHHx copolymers. With incorporation of 1 wt.‐% uracil, PHBHHx with 0–10 mol‐% HHx units can finish crystallization upon cooling at 10 °C · min^?1. The crystallization half‐times (t_1/2) of all the PHB and PHBHHx samples decrease significantly with presence of uracil. The crystallization rate of polymers further enhances with increase in uracil concentration. With addition of 1 wt.‐% uracil, the t_1/2 value of PHBHHx with 10 mol‐% HHx units melt‐crystallizing at 80 °C decreases to ≈4.0% of the neat polymer, and the nucleation density increases by 3–4 orders of magnitude. The incorporation of uracil has no discernable effect on the crystalline structure of PHBHHx, as evidenced by WAXD results. It was proposed that the nucleation mechanism of the uracil/PHBHHx (or PHB) system might be the epitaxial nucleation.

     

Preparation of biodiesel with the help of ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation

An alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production method with power ultrasonic (19.7 kHz) has been developed that allows a short reaction time and high yield because of emulsification and cavitation of the liquid-liquid immiscible system. Orthogonality experiments were employed to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters. Furthermore, hydrodynamic cavitation was used for biodiesel production in comparison to ultrasonic method. Both methods were proved to be efficient, and time and energy saving for the preparation of biodiesel by transesterification of soybean oil.     

Homoclinic Cycle and Homoclinic Bifurcations of a Predator-prey Model with Impulsive State Feedback Control

In this paper, the homoclinic bifurcation of a predator-prey system with impulsive state feedback control is investigated. By using the geometry theory of semi-continuous dynamic systems, the existences of order-1 homoclinic cycle and order-1 periodic solution are obtained. Then the stability of order-1 periodic solution is studied. At last, an example is presented to illustrate the main results.     

Almost sure limit theorems of extremes of complete and incomplete samples of stationary sequences

Let \((X_{n}^{\ast})\) be an independent identically distributed random sequence. Let \(M_{n}^{\ast}\) and \(m_{n}^{\ast}\) denote, respectively, the maximum and minimum of \(\{X_{1}^{\ast},\cdots,X_{n}^{\ast}\}\). Suppose that some of the random variables \(X_1^{\ast},X_2^{\ast},\cdots\) can be observed and let \(\widetilde{M}_n^{\ast}\) and \(\widetilde{m}_n^{\ast}\) denote, respectively, the maximum and minimum of the observed random variables from the set \(\{X_1^{\ast},\cdots,X_n^{\ast}\}\). In this paper, we consider the asymptotic joint limiting distribution and the almost sure limit theorems related to the random vector \((\widetilde{M}_n^{\ast}, \widetilde{m}_n^{\ast}, M_n^{\ast}, m_n^{\ast})\). The results are extended to weakly dependent stationary Gaussian sequences.     

Separation of peptides by pressurized capillary electrochromatography

A pressurized electrochromatography (pCEC) instrument with gradient capability was used in this work for separation of peptides. Three separation modes, namely, pCEC, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresiscan be carried out with the instrument. In pCEC mode, the mobile phase is driven by both electroosmotic flow and pressurized flow, facilitating fine-tuning in selectivity of neutral and charged species. A continuous gradient elution can be carried out conveniently on this instrument, which demonstrates that it is more powerful than isocratic pCEC for separation of complicated samples. The effects of applied voltage, supplementary pressure and ion-pairing agents on separation of peptides in gradient pCEC were investigated. The effects of flow-rate of the pump and the volume of the mixer on resolution were also evaluated.     

浸渍钠对铁基催化剂F-T合成浆态床反应性能的影响

以FeCuK/Si O2为母体催化剂,通过乙酸钠浸渍得到一组不同Na含量的费托合成铁基催化剂.采用原子发射光谱、低温N2吸附、程序升温还原和M ssbauer谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征.在H2/CO摩尔比为0.67,空速为2 000 h-1,压力为1.5 MPa和温度为250℃的条件下进行了浆态床F-T合成反应性能评价实验.结果表明,浸渍少量Na能提高催化剂的比表面积,促进铁物相的分散,而浸渍大量Na却大大降低了催化剂的比表面积,使催化剂中的铁物相聚集形成较大的颗粒;浸渍Na抑制了催化剂在H2中的第一步还原,但促进了催化剂在CO中的碳化;在原位合成气还原过程中,浸渍Na有利于催化剂的碳化.在500 h的运行实验中,浸渍Na的催化剂均表现出不同程度的失活现象.反应结果表明,浸渍Na对水煤气变换反应活性影响不大,对费托合成反应活性和烃产物选择性有较大的影响.在铁基催化剂上浸渍Na有利于C12 重质烃和低碳烯烃的生成.     

Multi-Hop Question Generation Using Hierarchical Encoding-Decoding and Context Switch Mechanism

Neural auto-regressive sequence-to-sequence models have been dominant in text generation tasks, especially the question generation task. However, neural generation models suffer from the global and local semantic semantic drift problems. Hence, we propose the hierarchical encoding–decoding mechanism that aims at encoding rich structure information of the input passages and reducing the variance in the decoding phase. In the encoder, we hierarchically encode the input passages according to its structure at four granularity-levels: [word, chunk, sentence, document]-level. Second, we progressively select the context vector from the document-level representations to the word-level representations at each decoding time step. At each time-step in the decoding phase, we progressively select the context vector from the document-level representations to word-level. We also propose the context switch mechanism that enables the decoder to use the context vector from the last step when generating the current word at each time-step.It provides a means of improving the stability of the text generation process during the decoding phase when generating a set of consecutive words. Additionally, we inject syntactic parsing knowledge to enrich the word representations. Experimental results show that our proposed model substantially improves the performance and outperforms previous baselines according to both automatic and human evaluation. Besides, we implement a deep and comprehensive analysis of generated questions based on their types.     

Ge掺杂β-Ga2O3晶体的发光性能研究

采用浮区法(FZ)生长Ge掺杂β-Ga2O3晶体,利用XRD和Raman光谱研究了掺杂对晶体结构的影响.透射光谱测试表明,随着Ge离子掺杂浓度增加,Ge∶ β-Ga2O3晶体光学带隙增大.在4.67 eV紫外光激发下,Ge∶ β-Ga2O3晶体的发光强度与β-Ga2O3晶体相当,发光衰减时间比β-Ga2O3晶体更快.     

对羟基二联苯诱导的表面金属-有机键断裂

金属-有机杂化结构是表面在位反应过程中常见的中间体. 金属-有机杂化结构中金属-有机键的断裂需要克服较高的活化能垒, 往往会引起一系列竞争副反应以及分子的脱附. 本文利用扫描隧道显微镜研究了 4,4′-二羟基联苯分子在金属表面与预先制备的金属-有机链的作用, 发现其氧端能有效地降低金属有机杂化体系断键的能垒, 使得金属-有机键的断键反应能在较低的温度下进行. 该结果提供了一种调控表面反应中间物的新手段.