Synthesis of α-Amino Tertiary Alkylperoxides by Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Peroxidation of 1,3,5-Triazines

α-Substituted peroxides have been found in natural products and are widely used as anti-malarial agents. Zn(OTf)₂-catalyzed peroxidation of 1,3,5-triazines has been developed, accessing diversely substituted α-amino tertiary alkylperoxides with high efficiency. Mechanistic investigations and useful synthetic application of the products have also been presented.     

金属-有机框架材料衍生转换型负极在碱金属离子电池中的应用

碱金属离子电池是指以Li⁺、Na⁺、K⁺离子为载体的二次电池,其能量密度高、使用寿命长,在电子设备、清洁能源存储中应用广泛。负极是影响电池性能的关键因素,迫切需要开发高比容量和强结构稳定性的负极。基于转换反应的金属化合物负极理论容量高、安全性好、资源丰富,然而其导电性较差,体积效应大,会损害倍率和循环性能。利用金属有机框架材料(MOFs)可以有效解决上述问题,由MOFs衍生的金属化合物优势明显:(1)孔道丰富,离子迁移快;(2)比表面大,活性位点多;(3)结构和组成可调。本文对MOFs衍生转换型负极及其在碱金属离子电池上的应用进行了系统性梳理,综述了MOFs衍生各类化合物的研究进展,总结了由MOFs制备转化型负极的性能提升策略及机理,以及应用于电池负极的优势与挑战,并对研究新趋向进行展望。     

Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂及其提高二甲基烷烃选择性

随着环保法规的日益苛刻,世界各国对发动机燃料指标的要求也越来越严格,汽油组分中的烯烃含量逐渐被限制.作为提高汽油辛烷值的有效手段,正构烷烃的临氢异构化越来越引起人们的重视.烷烃碳数相同时,具有多支链的异构体往往具有更高的辛烷值.因此,在正构烷烃临氢异构化过程中,提高多支链异构体的选择性具有重要意义.Pt/SAPO-11作为双功能催化剂具有适宜的孔结构、温和的酸性和适度的加氢脱氢活性,在烷烃临氢异构化反应中表现出色,得到了广泛研究.已有文献报道中,通过添加第二金属改性可以调节双功能催化剂的物理化学性质,进而影响其催化活性和产物选择性.为了提高异构产物选择性,特别是多支链异构产物的选择性,本文研究了Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂在正辛烷临氢异构化中的反应性能,与未改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂相比,Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂表现出更高的二甲基烷烃选择性.通过动态合成方法合成SAPO-11分子筛,进而制备Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂.XRD表征表明,Pt和Zn的引入基本没有引起SAPO-11特征峰改变,并且未发现Pt和Zn氧化物的特征峰,说明金属组分得到很好的分散.氮气吸附-脱附实验表明,随着Zn添加量的增加,载体的比表面积和孔体积略有减少.NH3-TPD和吡啶红外光谱用于表征Zn的加入对催化剂酸性的影响,结果表明,少量Zn的添加可以增加酸量,这是由于Zn的引入可以产生L酸性位;而随着Zn的增加,总酸量减少,这是由于过多的Zn覆盖了载体的酸性位.H2-TPR和H2-TPD表征发现,Zn的引入使得Pt在高温处的还原峰减小,说明Zn改变了Pt在载体上的位置,使其主要负载在分子筛外表面.由于Zn2+是阳离子并具有较小的离子半径,它可以作为竞争吸附剂,首先进入分子筛孔道从而抑制了Pt进入分子筛孔道.H2-TPD表明,Zn的引入使得H2的脱附温度逐渐降低,这与Zn增加了Pt的分散度有关;但是当Zn的添加量达到0.7%时,H2的脱附温度升高,同时溢流氢增加.以正辛烷为模型化合物,在固定床高压微型反应装置中对一系列催化剂进行了评价,考察了Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂和未改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的催化性能.与未改性催化剂相比,Zn改性的催化剂在相同转化率条件下,异辛烷的选择性基本相同,但是二甲基己烷的选择性明显提高.当Zn的添加量为0.5%时,二甲基己烷选择性达到最大值,继续提高Zn的添加量,其选择性下降.值得注意的是,在相同反应条件下,未改性的催化剂具有更高的正辛烷转化率.我们分析认为,由于Zn的添加促进了二甲基己烷的产生,而其具有较大的分子尺寸,在反应中存在扩散问题,影响了改性催化剂的异构化活性.本文工作表明,适宜的Zn添加量有利于提高二甲基烷烃的选择性,对于提高汽油辛烷值具有重要意义.     

Organotin-catalyzed regioselective benzylation of carbohydrate trans-diols

A convenient approach to regioselective benzylation of carbohydrate trans-diols was developed, where 0.1 equiv. of Bu₂SnCl₂ and 0.1 equiv. of TBABr were used as the catalysts and 2.0 equiv. of BnCl was used as the benzylation reagent. In most cases, similar or better benzylation regioselectivities and isolated yields were obtained by using catalytic amounts of Bu₂SnCl₂, rather than stoichiometric amounts of organotin reagents required.     

From controllable attached isolation moieties to possibly highly efficient nonlinear optical main-chain polyurethanes containing indole-based chromophores

For the first time, the indole-based NLO chromophores were embedded into the polymer main chain, and different isolation groups were attached to their donor side with the efforts of adjusting the NLO properties of the resultant main-chain polyurethanes, according to the site isolation principle. Thanks to the main-chain structure and the advantages of the indole-based chromophores, all the polymers show excellent transparency, good processability, thermal stability, and relatively good NLO effects. The tested NLO properties of the polymers demonstrate that there is a suitable isolation group present for the sulfonyl-based chromophore to boost its microscopic beta value to a possibly higher macroscopic NLO property efficiently.     

Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed γ‐Carbon Addition of Enals to Imines: Mechanistic Studies and Access to Antimicrobial Compounds

The reaction mechanism of the γ‐carbon addition of enal to imine under oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis is studied experimentally. The oxidation, γ‐carbon deprotonation, and nucleophilic addition of γ‐carbon to imine were found to be facile steps. The results of our study also provide highly enantioselective access to tricyclic sulfonyl amides that exhibit interesting antimicrobial activities against X. oryzae, a bacterium that causes bacterial disease in rice growing.     

Translating Molecular Recognition into a Pressure Signal to enable Rapid,Sensitive, and Portable Biomedical Analysis

Herein, we demonstrate that a very familiar, yet underutilized, physical parameter—gas pressure—can serve as signal readout for highly sensitive bioanalysis. Integration of a catalyzed gas‐generation reaction with a molecular recognition component leads to significant pressure changes, which can be measured with high sensitivity using a low‐cost and portable pressure meter. This new signaling strategy opens up a new way for simple, portable, yet highly sensitive biomedical analysis in a variety of settings.     

四阶强阻尼波动方程的混合控制体积法

本文利用混合控制体积方法在三角网格剖分下求解四阶强阻尼波动方程.通过使用最低阶Raviart-Thomas混合有限元空间和引入迁移算子把解函数空间映射成试探函数空间,构造了半离散和全离散的混合控制体积格式,得到了最优阶误差估计.     

Studies on the radical addition reaction of perfluoroalkyl iodides with 2,3-allenols and the Pd-catalyzed kinetic resolution via Sonogashira coupling reaction

A radical addition reaction promoted by Na₂S₂O₄ of perfluoroalkyl iodides with 2,3-allenols affording E/Z mixtures of 3-iodo-4-perfluoroalkyl-substituted allylic alcohols has been studied. Kinetic resolution with Sonogashira coupling reaction was applied to afford the Z isomer of 3-iodo-4-perfluoroalkyl-substituted allylic alcohol (Z-3) and the E isomer of conjugated enynic diols (E-5) in 39-52% and 22-40% yields, respectively.     

Product pair correlation in CH3OH photodissociation at 157 nm: the OH + CH3 channel

The OH + CH(3) product channel for the photodissociation of CH(3)OH at 157 nm was investigated using the velocity map imaging technique with the detection of CH(3) radical products via (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). Images were measured for the CH(3) formed in the ground and excited states (v(2) = 0, 1, 2, and 3) of the umbrella vibrational mode and correlated OH vibrational state distributions were also determined. We find that the vibrational distribution of the OH fragment in the OH + CH(3) channel is clearly inverted. Anisotropic distributions for the CH(3) (v(2) = 0, 1, 2, and 3) products were also determined, which is indicative of a fast dissociation process for the C-O bond cleavage. A slower CH(3) product channel was also observed, that is assigned to a two-step photodissociation process, in which the first step is the production of a CH(3)O(X (2)E) radical via the cleavage of the O-H bond in CH(3)OH, followed by probe laser photodissociation of the nascent CH(3)O radicals yielding CH(3)(X (2)A(1), v = 0) products.