Efficient and sensitive method of DNA silver staining in polyacrylamide gels

DNA silver staining is widely used to detect DNA fragment in polyacrylamide gel with high sensitivity. Conventional procedures of the silver staining involve several steps, which take about 40 min to 2 h in total. To improve the efficiency of DNA silver staining, a more efficient protocol is developed in this study. The procedure comprises only four steps including impregnating, rinsing, developing, and stopping, and could be completed within 20 min. Nitric acid and ethanol in the silver-impregnation step of the new procedure eliminates the need for prior treatment of gels with a fixing solution and following rinse prior to impregnation with silver. The procedure has high sensitivity and long storage lifetime. The minimum detectable mass of DNA is 0.44 and 3.5 ng in denaturing and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel, respectively.     

混合型杂多化合物M_x[GaW_9M_3O_(40)]·nH_2O的合成和性质

本文报道了M_x[GaW_9M_3~′O_(40)]nH_2O(M′=Mo,V,Ti,Fe(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ);M=k,Na,Gua,Me_4N,Et_4N,Bu_4N)的合成。通过元素分析,阴离子电荷的确定,极谱、IR及UV光谱、可见光谱、ESR、磁化率测定对其进行了表征。并研究了它们在水溶液中对酸碱的稳定性及热稳定性。     

含硫阴离子表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性

合成了三种分子中分别含有－Ｓ－，－ＳＯ－，－ＳＯ２－基力的羧酸型离子表面活性剂，并研究了它们的表面活性。     

面包酵母对1,4,4α,8α-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5,8-二酮的催化异构化

本章描述了面包酵母将1,4,4α,8α-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5,8-二酮催化异构化为1,4-二氢-5,8-二羟基1,4-亚甲基萘,而不是还原为相应的羟基化合物。     

Numerical and Theoretical Studies of Noise Effects in the Kauffman Model

In this work we analyze the stochastic dynamics of the Kauffman model evolving under the influence of noise. By considering the average crossing time between two distinct trajectories, we show that different Kauffman models exhibit a similar kind of behavior, even when the structure of their basins of attraction is quite different. This can be considered as a robust property of these models. We present numerical results for the full range of noise level and obtain approximate analytic expressions for the above crossing time as a function of the noise in the limit cases of small and large noise levels.     

电子倍增CCD的电荷倍增特性研究

建立了电子倍增CCD的载流子倍增寄存器的电荷倍增模型,分析了电子倍增CCD的结构特征和载流子倍增寄存器的工作原理及其电荷倍增特性.利用Z域分析方法得到载流子倍增寄存器的电荷倍增传递函数及其幅频响应.计算表明,提高载流子倍增寄存器的电荷倍增系数可以提高电子倍增CCD的幅频响应.同时,用增益起伏因子来分析载流子倍增寄存器的增益起伏特性,得到了电荷倍增率,寄存器级数与增益起伏因子的数值关系.在寄存器级数N=400条件下,当电荷倍增系数α≤0.15时,增益起伏因子随电荷倍增系数增大而增大;而当α≥0.15时,增益起伏因子随电荷倍增系数的增大而减小.通过典型的电子倍增CCD相机的实验验证了建立的模型.     

Chiral separation with ligand-exchange micellar electrokinetic chromatography using a D-penicillamine-copper(II) ternary complex as chiral selector

D-Penicillamine is demonstrated for the first time as a chiral ligand for the enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids based on ligand-exchange micellar electrokinetic chromatography (LE-MEKC). Copper(II) was used as the central ion in the ternary complex. The effect of surfactant on the resolution was significant. A concentration of 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was shown to be necessary for the separation. Other important parameters, such as the concentration ratio of D-penicillamine (D-PEN) to Cu2+, the kind of metal central ion, the type and pH value of buffer, were also investigated. N-Acetyl-D-penicillamine and L-valine (Val), with similar structure to D-penicillamine, were applied as their copper(II) complexes as chiral selector and the chiral recognition mechanism is briefly discussed. Under optimum experimental conditions, i.e., 20 mM NH4OAc, pH 6.5, a 2:1 concentration ratio of D-penicillamine to Cu(II), 4 mM CuSO4 and 8 mM D-penicillamine, the chiral separation of eight pairs of different dansyl amino acid enantiomers was accomplished with resolution ranging from 1.1 to 5.9. When L-PEN was used instead of D-PEN, reversal of the migration order was observed.     

Electrochemical deposition of nano-structured ZnO on the nanocrystalline TiO2 film and its characterization

One-dimensional structure of ZnO nanorod arrays on nanocrystalline TiO₂/ITO conductive glass substrates has been fabricated by cathodic reduction electrochemical deposition methods in the three-electrode system, with zinc nitrate aqueous solution as the electrolyte, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The effects of film substrates, electrolyte concentration, deposition time, and methenamine (HMT) addition on ZnO deposition and its luminescent property were investigated in detail. The results show that, compared with on the ITO glass substrate, ZnO is much easily achieved by electrochemical deposition on the TiO₂ nanoparticle thin films. ZnO is hexagonally structured wurtzite with the c-axis preferred growth, and further forms nanorod arrays vertically on the substrates. It is favorable to the growth of ZnO to extend the deposition time, to increase the electrolyte concentration, and to add a certain amount of HMT in the system, consequently improving the crystallinity and orientation of ZnO arrays. It is demonstrated that the obtained ZnO arrays with high crystallinity and good orientation display strong band-edge UV (375 nm) and weak surface-state-related green (520 nm) emission peaks.     

微波促进的6-位磷功能化的非环嘌呤核苷类似物的合成

以2,6-二氯嘌呤核苷和亚磷酸酯为原料,通过微波促进的Arbuzov反应,一步合成6位磷酸酯取代的嘌呤核苷类化合物,然后再进一步衍生,得到6-位磷酸单酯和6-位磷酸取代的嘌呤核苷类新化合物.得到的非环嘌呤核苷类化合物通过核磁共振图谱、高分辨质谱和红外光谱进行了结构确认.     

Tuned C?H Functionalization to Construct Aza‐Podophyllotoxin/Aza‐Conidendrin Derivatives by Means of Domino Cyclization

An efficient domino cyclization method for the construction of aza‐podophyllotoxin/aza‐conidendrin derivatives has been established. Reactions of different dienes with aryl halides in the presence of a palladium catalytic system produced different kinds of podophyllotoxin derivatives through a highly regioselective C? H functionalization. Treatment of dienes with aryl halides that have electron‐withdrawing substituents on the phenyl ring created aza‐podophyllotoxin derivatives by means of the functionalization of the C? H bonds ortho to the C? halide bonds of the incoming aryl halides. The reaction of dienes with 1‐iodobenzene or aryl halides that incorporate electron‐donating groups produced aza‐conidendrin derivatives by means of the functionalization of both sp³ C? H and sp² C? H bonds. The regioselective C? H functionalization for the formation of different pseudo‐podophyllotoxin/‐conidendrin derivatives is proven by analyses of the ¹H NMR spectra of the products and selective X‐ray analyses of the structures of the products. Thus, the palladium‐catalyzed domino cyclization of 1,6‐dienes for the preparation of aza‐podophyllotoxin/aza‐conidendrin derivatives can be controlled by selectively controlling the C? H functionalization.