Epitaxial evolution on buried cracks in a strain-controlled AlN/GaN superlattice interlayer between AlGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells and a GaN template

Epitaxial evolution of buried cracks in a strain-controlled AlN/GaN superlattice interlayer(IL) grown on GaN template, resulting in crack-free AlGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells(MQW), was investigated. The processes of filling the buried cracks include crack formation in the IL, coalescence from both side walls of the crack, build-up of an MQW-layer hump above the cracks, lateral expansion and merging with the surrounding MQW, and two-dimensional step flow growth.It was confirmed that the filling content in the buried cracks is pure GaN, originating from the deposition of the GaN thin layer directly after the IL. Migration of Ga adatoms into the cracks plays a key role in the filling the buried cracks.     

Cloud point extraction of aloe anthraquinones based on non-ionic surfactant aqueous two-phase system

Non-ionic surfactant-based aqueous two-phase system had been investigated to extract aloe anthraquinones. It had the advantage of using a single auxiliary chemical to induce phase separation above cloud point at a low concentration. Non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen for its excellent phase-separating ability and low cloud point. The main factors affecting the cloud point extraction were discussed such as equilibrium temperature and time, concentrations of surfactant and inorganic electrolytes, pH, etc. Under the optimised conditions, the highest extraction yield 96.93% was obtained. The reverse extraction of anthraquinones from surfactant-rich phase was achieved with a recovery of 70.35% by adjusting pH. Compared with conventional purification methods, this CPE technique can be completed in one operation; besides, it is a low-cost method and an environment friendly one.     

玻璃基底上不规则银纳米结构的生长及其光学性质的研究

以经过硅烷化后玻璃片为基底,之后吸附金纳米种子,采用柠檬酸钠为还原剂,在荧光灯照射条件下还原硝酸银,制备出基底表面具有银纳米粒子聚集结构的材料。采用透射电镜、扫描电镜和紫外可见分光光度计对产物的形貌和性质进行了表征,并考察银纳米粒子的形貌对其薄膜基底SERS活性的影响。结果表明：随着光照时间增加至16 h,金种子长大为平均粒径110 nm的不规则状多晶银纳米粒子,且出现双层粒子堆积。基底上纳米粒子的吸收光谱上出现了由银粒子的表面等离子体激元偶极子耦合引发的强烈吸收峰：随着光照时间的变化,耦合峰在600～813 nm波段内移动。光照时间为12 h后得到的SERS活性基底具有最强的SERS信号。     

飞秒激光与固体靶相互作用中光辐射时间特性的实验研究

为了探索光辐射的时间特性, 在100 TW掺钛蓝宝石飞秒激光器上利用光学条纹相机, 分别在靶背表面法线方向测量了光辐射的时间积分和时间分辨成像光斑. 实验测量结果显示: 光辐射时间积分成像光斑呈长条状, 而辐射区域有发散角、有光强分布, 包含多种辐射成分; 光辐射的时间分辨成像光斑进一步证明, 渡越辐射(TR) 是信号强而快, 持续时间短, 为皮秒(ps) 量级, 是最先到达屏幕上, 并推算出相应的持续时间为85.5ps. 其他成分光辐射是信号弱而慢, 持续时间长, 为纳秒(ns) 量级, 是最后到达屏幕上. 光辐射的时间特性能为鉴别和判断TR信号提供了新的依据.     

Differential diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method: determination of potential energy surfaces of molecules

A differential approach for self-optimizing diffusion Monte Carlo calculation was proposed in this paper, which is a new algorithm combining three techniques such as optimizing, diffusion and correlation sampling. This method can be used to directly compute the energy differential between two systems in the diffusion process, making the statistical error of calculation be reduced to order of 10-5 hartree, and recover about more than 80% of the correlation energy. We employed this approach to set up a potential energy surface of a molecule, used a "rigid move" model, and utilized Jacobi transformation to make energy calculation for two configurations of a molecule having good positive correlation. So, an accurate energy differential could be obtained, and the potential energy surface with good quality can be depicted. In calculation, a technique called "post-equilibrium remaining sample was set up firstly, which can save about 50% of computation expense. This novel algorithm was used to study the potenti     

Effects of atomic number Z on the energy distribution of hot electrons generated by femtosecond laser interaction with metallic targets

The effects of atomic number Z on the energy distribution of hot electrons generated by the interaction of 60fs, 130mJ, 800nm, and 7×10^17W/cm^2 laser pulses with metallic targets have been studied experimentally. The results show that the number and the effective temperature of hot electrons increase with the atomic number Z of metallic targets, and the temperature of hot electrons are in the range of 190-230keV, which is consistent with a scaling law of hot electrons temperature.     

“神光Ⅱ”基频光辐射输运实验与分析

关键词：     

等电子法测量小能量激光打靶等离子体电子温度

以低Z的CHO薄膜作为样品靶，在星光激光装置上以小能量激光辐照样品靶产生温度较低的等离子体，采用每毫米2400线的平焦场光栅谱仪测量等离子体发射的碳和氧离子发射谱线强度比，并与理论计算相应线强比较，获得了电子温度，建立了等电子法测量较低温度(100eV左右)等离子体电子温度的诊断技术. 关键词： 电子温度 激光等离子体 等电子x射线谱法     

Enantioseparation of mandelic acid and α-cyclohexylmandelic acid using an alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase system

An alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was employed for enantioseparation of (R,S)-mandelic acid (MA) and (R,S)-α-cyclohexylmandelic acid (α-CHMA). Sulfonated β-cyclodextrin (Sf-β-CD) with different degrees of substitution (DS) was considered as the chiral selector. The ethanol/(NH₄)₂SO₄ system showed the optimal chiral recognition ability for MA. To optimize the experimental conditions, Sf-β-CD concentration, ethanol and salt concentration, temperature, and pH were studied. The recognition ability of enantiomers was mainly dependent on the type of the chiral selector but the ethanol and (NH₄)₂SO₄ concentrations also had significant influence on the enantiomeric recognition. The maximum values of α and ee ^up of 1.69 and 16.3 % were obtained, respectively, for MA under the optimal conditions. A potential application of this alcohol/salt ATPS is the scale-up of chiral separation of MA.