碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池光吸收层厚度对光伏性能的影响研究

本文使用两步法,通过控制PbI₂(DMSO)溶液的浓度制备了不同厚度的有机-无机杂化钙钛矿(MAPbI₃)光吸收层薄膜,并组装了大面积基于碳电极且无空穴传输层的钙钛矿太阳能电池。对不同厚度MAPbI₃光吸收层薄膜的晶相、光吸收性质、表面形貌、元素组成进行分析,并进一步测试了基于MAPbI₃薄膜制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏性能。结果表明,MAPbI₃光吸收层薄膜厚度与PbI₂(DMSO)浓度呈正相关关系,浓度为1.3 mol/L的PbI₂溶液制备的MAPbI₃薄膜厚度约为350 nm,具有较好的结晶度和光吸收强度,且薄膜表面致密平整,无明显缺陷,基于350 nm MAPbI₃光吸收层的钙钛矿太阳能电池获得了8.48%的光电转换效率。     

具可见光活性的氮掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂

以氮掺杂为代表的非金属掺杂型TiO₂光催化剂被誉为“第二代光催化材料”。本文首先系统评述了氮掺杂二氧化钛的制备方法,然后详细阐述了在N掺杂TiO₂研究中关于其可见光活性机制以及掺杂N在TiO₂晶格中的存在状态等方面的争议。N掺杂TiO₂粉末的制备方法主要有氨气气氛下的热处理工艺、水解沉淀法、溶胶－凝胶法以及机械化学法等;N掺杂TiO₂薄膜的制备方法主要包括磁控溅射法、脉冲激光沉积法以及金属有机化学气相沉积法等。已提出的关于N掺杂TiO₂可见光活性机制的观点有N2P与O2P能级相杂化、形成N 2p孤立能态、氧空位的作用以及具顺磁性特征的杂质敏化。关于掺杂N在TiO₂晶格中存在状态的分歧在于XPS N 1s谱中特征峰的位置及其归属的解析。文章最后指出了氮掺杂二氧化钛催化剂研究中有待解决的问题及今后的发展方向。     

Local Isometric Imbedding of Riemannian Manifolds M^n into a Space of Constant Curvature S^{n+1}

本文求得黎曼流形M^n能够作为常曲律空间超曲面的内蕴充要条件，并举出这些条件的若干应用。设常曲率空间S^n+1的线素是$ds^2=eg\alpha\betady^\alphady^\beta(e=\pm1)$,即$g_\alpha\betady^\alphady^\beta$不一定是正定的，n+1维的S^n+1曲率是K_0，记为S^n+1（K_0)。M^n是n维的黎曼流形，g_ij是M^n等距嵌入于S^n+1中所诱导的黎曼尺度，R_ijkl是M^n的黎曼曲率张量，记 $T_ijkl \equiv R_ijkl-K_0(g_ikg_il-g_ilg_jk)$ $P_jlim \equiv T_jlT_im-T_ipT_jlm^p+T_plT_mij^p+T_jlq^pT_ipm^q-1/2T_klm^qT_qij^k$ 式内 $T_li=g^imT_jlim,T_jlm^p=g^pkT_kjlm,T=g^liTu$ 经过冗长的计算可以证明如下诸定理。     

Highly thermostable and low birefringent norbornene‐styrene copolymers with advanced optical properties: A potential plastic substrate for flexible displays

This article reports the synthesis and characterization of an extremely high thermostable cyclic olefin copolymer with advanced optical properties resulting from the vinyl addition copolymerization of norbornene with styrene catalyzed by a substituted fluorenylamidodimethyltitanium catalyst [Me₂Si(3,6‐tBu₂Flu)(tBuN)]TiMe₂ activated with a [Ph₃C] [B(C₆F₅)₄]/Al(iBu)₃ cocatalyst using o‐dichlorobenzene as solvent. The prepared copolymer possesses a glass transition temperature as high as polyimide (T_g > 300 °C) and a high transmittance which is comparable with that of the conventional optical resins ([T] > 90%). The incorporation of polystyrene, which exhibits a negative birefringence into the vinyl‐added polynorbornene that possesses an intrinsic positive birefringence, effectively reduced the birefringent magnitude of the norbornene‐styrene copolymer due to a mutual compensation between these opposite‐sign birefringences. The absence of any functional and aromatic heterocyclic groups and the presence of highly hydrophobic saturated bicyclic rings in the copolymer main chains effectively prevented the diffusion of water/oxygen and thus enhanced the dimensional and optical stabilities of the material. Preliminary results on the characterization of the thermal stability, mechanical, and optical properties of the vinyl‐added norbornene‐styrene copolymers indicate that they satisfy all the rigorous requirements for a polymer to be applied as a flexible substrate for the manufacturing of the flexible displays. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

Room‐temperature Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with α‐diimine Pd(II) catalysts

An α‐diimine Pd(II) complex containing chiral sec‐phenethyl groups, {bis[N,N′‐(4‐methyl‐2‐sec‐phenethylphenyl)imino]‐2,3‐butadiene}dichloropalladium (rac‐ C1 ), was synthesized and characterized. rac‐ C1 was applied as an efficient catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction between various aniline halides and arylboronic acid in PEG‐400–H₂O at room temperature. Among a series of aniline halides, rac‐ C1 did not catalyze the cross‐coupling of aniline chlorides and fluorides but efficiently catalyzed the cross‐coupling of aniline bromides and iodides with phenylboronic acid. The catalytic activity reduced slightly with increasing steric hindrance of the aniline bromides. The complexes {bis[N,N′‐(4‐fluoro‐2,6‐diphenylphenyl)imino]‐2,3‐butadiene}dichloropalladium and {bis[N,N′‐(4‐fluoro‐2,6‐diphenylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene}dichloropalladium were also found to be efficient catalysts for the reaction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弱冲击波对人员内脏损伤的危险性估计

本文通过对绵羊TNT化爆试验,生物激波管试验和火炮现场试验资料的分析和数据处理,探讨了冲击波物理参数与人员内脏损伤的关系,制定了弱冲击波对人员内脏损伤的安全限值,该限值可作为部队作战、训练的依据,也可作为武器研究、论证、设计、试验和弱冲击波防护的依据,对判定各种爆炸物爆炸引起的人员内脏损伤情况亦有参考价值。     

公路隧道围岩地质条件评价方法及其富溪隧道应用研究

为了达到快速、准确、可靠的围岩分类,有效指导隧道施工,在充分研究和吸取国内外有关围岩分类的经验和成果基础上,针对隧道施工期间的围岩类别鉴定方法,提出了一种可用于隧道施工期间围岩类别鉴定的快速分类方法,该方法以定量与定性相结合、多专家评分的方式在开挖掌子面现场进行观察、量测及评价,无需复杂试验或测量以及繁杂计算,可迅速得出评价结果。为了更加全面地反映隧道围岩情况,准确评价围岩工程性质,结合目前国际上流行的Q分类系统,在富溪隧道第一手实测资料的基础上,根据快速分类结果和Q指标分类结果对富溪隧道围岩条件进行综合评价,为其隧道施工提供了合理的支护参数。     

冲击波负压与肺损伤

着重研究不同水平的冲击波负压峰值对大白鼠和家兔肺的影响。将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ系大白鼠分为６组，每组１０只，其中一组为正常对照组，其余５组分别暴露于平均峰值为－５３．７ｋＰａ至－８５．９ｋＰａ的冲击波负压环境中。伤后立即解剖动物，重点观察肺伤情，同时用６只家兔暴露于冲击波负压环境中，另６只为对照组。实验结果:在上述冲击波负压环境中，肺可出现从无伤至极重度伤的伤情，肺出血充血以及肺表面压痕与肺冲击伤的表现非常相似。随着冲击波负压峰值的变化，各组肺伤情亦随着变化，且相关非常显著，各实验组动物肺伤情与对照组相应的肺伤情相差显著。实验证明，一定条件下的冲击波负压对大白鼠和家兔肺具有明显的致伤作用。     

New Polymers for Optimizing Organic Photovoltaic Cell Performances

The performance of an organic solar cell critically depends on the materials used in the active layer. Desirable characteristics of active layer materials include an intense optical absorption covering broad range of the solar spectrum to maximize photon capture, the ability to effectively separate charges upon photo‐excitation, high charge mobility to allow efficient charge transport to the electrodes, and suitable HOMO and LUMO levels to ensure a high device voltage. In order to optimize these properties simultaneously, we have designed and synthesized conjugated polymers containing alternating electron‐donating and electron‐accepting units. Based on one of the low band gap polymers we designed and synthesized previously, poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)], we carried out both side chain and main chain modifications in order to improve performance even further. By incorporating fluorene repeating units into the main chain, it is possible to adjust the absorption characteristics of the polymers while maintaining a desirable HOMO level and good charge carrier mobility. The solubility profile of the polymer can be adjusted by modifying the side chains, and soluble polymer with mobility as high as 7×10^?2 cm²/Vs is realized when a combination of 2‐ethylhexy and hexyl groups are used as side chains. These polymers should be promising candidates for high performance solar cells according to a recently published model (3).     

Controlling chaos in the Bose-Einstein condensate system of a double lattice

We study the chaotic dynamics in the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) system of a double lattice. Chaotic space-time evolution is investigated for the particle number density in a BEC. By changing of the s-wave scattering length with a Feshbach resonance, the chaotic behavior can be well controlled to enter into periodicity. Numerical calculation shows that there is periodic orbit according to the s-wave scattering length only if the maximal Lyapunov exponent of the system is negative.