A Comparative Study of Electron Heat Transport in a Stochastic and a Non‐Stochastic Magnetic Field

We studied the electron heat transport across a non‐local stochastic magnetic field and a non‐local non‐stochastic magnetic field in tokamak plasmas. Analytical results and numerical simulation results were compared with conditions of a stochastic and a non‐stochastic magnetic field respectively in this article. Parameter of stochasticity in perturbed magnetic field was found not tobe a key factor in influencing effective radial heat conductivity in radial direction of tokomak when Chirikov parameter is close to one (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Controlling theoretically total absorption in hybrid-cavity resonator with one graphene monolayer outside cavity

Total absorption is realized theoretically in a graphene-outside-cavity resonator. The structure is composed of the FP-Fano hybrid resonance cavity. Changing the thickness of grating exciting Fano resonance, the absorption-mode number can be tuned effectively. For the focused double-mode absorption, the resonances behave insensitively with the variation of chemical potential of graphene. Varying the geometry of grating can control the coupling extent of two modes. Also, by manipulating the period number of two-side multilayers around graphene, the absorption, shift and number of modes are governed.     

Molecular dynamics study of mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-embedded gold composites

The mechanical properties of nano-single crystal gold and carbon nanotube-embedded gold (CNT/Au) composites under axial tension were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The interactions between atoms were modeled using the many-body tight-binding (TB) potential and the empirical Tersoff potential coupled with the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential. We get the yield strain and the yield stress of nano-single crystal gold 0.092, 5.74 GPa, respectively. The computational results show that the increase in Young's modulus of the long CNT-embedded gold composite over pure gold is much large. From the simulation, we also find that the yield stress and the yield strain of short CNT-embedded gold composite are evidently less than that of the nano-single crystal gold.     

Carrier transport of doped nanocrystalline Si formed by annealing of amorphous Si films at various temperatures

Phosphorus- and boron-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films were prepared by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. As-deposited samples were thermally annealed at various temperatures to get nanocrystalline Si with sizes around 10 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements demonstrated the presence of boron and phosphorus in the doped films. It is found that the nanocrystallization occurs at around 600 °C for the B-doped films, while it is around 700-800 °C for the P-doped samples. For the P-doped samples, the dark conductivity decreases at first and then increases with the annealing temperature. While for the B-doped samples, the dark conductivity monotonously increases with increasing annealing temperature. As a result, the carrier transport properties of both P- and B-doped nanocrystalline Si films are dominated by the gradual activation of dopants in the films. The conductivity reaches 22.4 and 193 S cm⁻¹ for P- and B-doped sample after 1000 °C annealing.     

HT-7托卡马克slide-away放电充气对等离子体行为的影响

本文研究了slide-away放电条件下的等离子体约束性能;分析了充气对等离子体约束性能以及反常多普勒共振不稳定性的影响.研究了等离子体密度的提升对slide-away放电过程中逃逸电子辐射行为的影响.研究结果发现:slide-away放电充气可以抑制逃逸电子反常多普勒不稳定性,但是使得等离子体约束状态变差,逃逸电子辐射增强.     

Charged vortex structure in high-temperature superconductors

By using a model Hamiltonian with competing antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin density wave (SDW) and d-wave superconductivity orders, the effect of next-nearest-neighbour (nnn) hopping on spin and charge structures in high-temperature superconductors is investigated at finite temperatures. For an optimally doped sample, we find that the AFM order magnitude in the vortex core is firstly enhanced and then suppressed, accompanied with a ``positively → negatively → positively" charged vortex structure transition with increasing nnn hopping strength, which implies that the AFM order is unnecessarily bounded to an electron-rich vortex core. In addition, a charge ordering pattern with four negatively charged peaks localized in a small region is also found around the vortex core centre without net charge. Recent scanning-tunneling-microscopy experimental observations of the checkerboard structure are hopefully understood.     

XPS and SRUPS study of oxygen adsorption on Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (1 1 1)A surface

Synchrotron radiation ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (SRUPS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been applied to investigate oxygen adsorption on a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) (1 1 1)A surface. The surface chemical composition and the surface oxidation process were monitored by recording the Te 3d, O 1s, Zn 2p, Cd 4d core level peaks, and the Cd MNN Auger peak. The CZT (1 1 1)A surface was effectively oxidized by dosing oxygen directly. The typical surface state of the clean CZT (1 1 1)A surface was identified. After oxygen exposure, this surface state disappeared and a signal due to the formation of O–CZT appeared. In addition, the work function of CZT decreased with the increasing oxygen exposure.     

Semiconductor SERS on Colourful Substrates with Fabry-Pérot Cavities

Non-metallic materials have emerged as a new family of active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), with unique advantages over their metal counterparts. However, owing to their inefficient interaction with the incident wavelength, the Raman enhancement achieved with non-metallic materials is considerably lower with respect to the metallic ones. Herein, we propose colourful semiconductor-based SERS substrates for the first time by utilizing a Fabry-Pérot cavity, which realize a large freedom in manipulating light. Owing to the delicate adjustment of the absorption in terms of both frequency and intensity, resonant absorption can be achieved with a variety of non-metal SERS substrates, with the sensitivity further enhanced by ≈100 times. As a typical example, by introducing a Fabry-Pérot-type substrate fabricated with SiO₂/Si, a rather low detection limit of 10⁻¹⁶ M for the SARS-CoV-2S protein is achieved on SnS₂. This study provides a realistic strategy for increasing SERS sensitivity when semiconductors are employed as SERS substrates.     

MiR-1224-5p modulates osteogenesis by coordinating osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation via the Rap1 signaling target ADCY2

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) broadly regulate normal biological functions of bone and the progression of fracture healing and osteoporosis. Recently, it has been reported that miR-1224-5p in fracture plasma is a potential therapy for osteogenesis. To investigate the roles of miR-1224-5p and the Rap1 signaling pathway in fracture healing and osteoporosis development and progression, we used BMMs, BMSCs, and skull osteoblast precursor cells for in vitro osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis studies. Osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were detected by ALP, ARS, and TRAP staining and bone slice resorption pit assays. The miR-1224-5p target gene was assessed by siRNA-mediated target gene knockdown and luciferase reporter assays. To explore the Rap1 pathway, we performed high-throughput sequencing, western blotting, RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and immunohistochemical staining. In vivo, bone healing was judged by the cortical femoral defect, cranial bone defect and femoral fracture models. Progression of osteoporosis was evaluated by an ovariectomy model and an aged osteoporosis model. We discovered that the expression of miR-1224-5p was positively correlated with fracture healing progression. Moreover, in vitro, overexpression of miR-1224-5p slowed Rankl-induced osteoclast differentiation and promoted osteoblast differentiation via the Rap1-signaling pathway by targeting ADCY2. In addition, in vivo overexpression of miR-1224-5p significantly promoted fracture healing and ameliorated the progression of osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency or aging. Furthermore, knockdown of miRNA-1224-5p inhibited bone regeneration in mice and accelerated the progression of osteoporosis in elderly mice. Taken together, these results identify miR-1224-5p as a key bone osteogenic regulator, which may be a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis and fracture nonunion.Subject terms: Translational research, Cell signalling