糖类相关基因芯片的设计与制备

随着糖组学的发展,研究表明某些疾病如肿瘤等的发生伴随着体内糖蛋白表面糖链结构的变化,而糖链结构的形成与修饰经过糖基转移酶、糖苷酶和磺基转移酶的参与.本研究从Genebank等数据库中选取人类糖基转移酶基因127条、糖苷酶基因34条和磺基转移酶34条以及管家基因10条.通过对每个基因的mRNA序列进行探针设计,制备出一款糖类相关基因芯片,用于研究糖类相关基因的表达谱,旨在揭示疾病发生与糖类相关基因表达变化的关联性.制备的芯片应用于人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721与正常肝细胞系Chang’s liver的研究,筛选出差异表达的基因34个,其中上调基因19个、下调基因15个.通过对2个上调基因和2个下调基因进行Realtime-PCR验证,得到了一致的实验结果.     

双水相体系中Proline/CuI催化Heck反应的研究

以双水相为反应溶剂,丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯与多种芳卤化合物在催化剂碘化亚铜、配体L-脯氨酸的存在下,在较低的温度(75～85 ℃)下得到了产物,该方法具有反应时间短、产率较高、选择性较好等特点,为该反应及该类化合物的合成提供了一种新方法。产物通过熔点、红外、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱等方法的表征。     

应用体外仿生模型分析海藻水煎液中微量金属的形态和生物可给性

将体外"半仿生消化"和"全仿生消化"法分别应用于海藻分析前处理,即模拟人体消化环境,加入消化液所含有机物和无机物,模拟海藻(海带和紫菜)水煎液在胃肠中的吸收和转运机制.鉴于消化管和血管间的生物膜是类脂质膜,以单层脂质体为细胞生物膜模型考察海藻水煎液中微量金属在单层脂质体-水体系中的分配行为.以单层脂质体结合态、水溶态界定水煎液中微量金属的形态; 以单层脂质体结合态含量评价微量金属的生物可给性; 比较单层脂质体结合态金属在胃肠中浓度,确定微量金属的主要吸收部位.消化酶对海藻中微量元素的形态和生物可给性影响明显.水煎液全仿生消化后,海带和紫菜中的Fe均主要在胃被吸收,海带中的Mn和Zn主要在肠被吸收;紫菜中的Mn和Zn在胃与肠均有吸收.     

卟啉-碳纳米管复合物研究进展

碳纳米管是具有一维纳米结构的新型纳米材料,具有许多独特的物理、化学性质.卟啉对可见光具有强烈吸收,其大π共轭体系使其具有良好的电子给予能力,可作为人工光合作用体系的光捕捉单元.将具有电子接受能力的碳纳米管与卟啉结合起来,通过卟啉对碳纳米管进行共价和非共价修饰,可以改善碳纳米管在溶剂中的溶解分散性能,同时实现卟啉和碳纳米管之间有效的电子传递,形成具有独特光电和光学性质卟啉-碳纳米管复合物.该类物质具备良好的应用前景,是碳纳米管和卟啉研究中的热点.就近年来该类复合物的构筑方法及性质研究等方面的进展进行了综述.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定泡沫灭火材料及其他材料中的全氟辛烷磺酸及其盐

建立了一种高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定泡沫灭火材料、洗涤剂以及织物整理剂中全氟辛烷磺酸及其盐(PFOS)的方法。对应产品中的PFOS用水超声提取后,经固相萃取柱淋洗萃取,萃取液以乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(80:20, v/v)为流动相进行HPLC分离,在负离子模式和多级反应监测(MRM)方式下进行测定。用两个子离子的相对丰度定性,外标法定量。PFOS的测定在0.002~0.1 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2=0.998);泡沫灭火材料、洗涤剂以及织物整理剂中PFOS的加标回收率分别为93.4%～103%, 93.2%～102%和91.8%～102%,精密度(以相对标准偏差(RSD)计)分别为0.48%～3.52%, 0.78%～1.79%和0.47%～3.47%;方法的检出限均为2 mg/kg(0.0002%)(信噪比（S/N）≥10),满足欧盟法规对泡沫灭火材料、洗涤剂以及织物整理剂中PFOS的限量检测要求。该方法准确度和灵敏度高,前处理简单,可用于泡沫灭火材料、洗涤剂以及织物整理剂中PFOS的检测。     

Carbon monoxide-assisted synthesis of single-crystalline Pd tetrapod nanocrystals through hydride formation

Carbon monoxide can adsorb specifically on Pd(111) to induce the formation of unique Pd nanostructures. In the copresence of CO and H(2), single-crystalline Pd tetrapod nanocrystals have now been successfully prepared. The Pd tetrapods are enclosed by (111) surfaces and are yielded through hydride formation. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the formation of PdH(x) in the presence of H(2) reduces the binding energy of CO on Pd and thus helps to decrease the CO coverage during the synthesis, which is essential to the formation of the PdH(x) tetrapod nanocrystals. In addition to tetrapod nanocrystals, tetrahedral nanocrystals were also produced in the copresence of CO and H(2) when the reaction temperature was ramped to further lower the CO coverage. Upon aging in air, the as-prepared PdH(x) nanocrystals exhibited a shape-dependent hydrogen releasing behavior. The conversion rate of PdH(x) tetrapod nanocrystals into metallic Pd was faster than that of tetrahedral nanocrystals.     

柑橘生物活性多甲氧基黄酮及其糖苷类的合成研究

多甲氧基黄酮是广泛存在于柑橘属植物中的一类具有显著抗癌、抗炎等生物活性的天然产物.本工作以间苯二酚和甲氧基取代的苯甲醛为原料,经过溴化、甲基化、芳基亲核取代、Friedel-Crafts乙酰化、羟醛缩合、环化或Algar-Flynn-Oyamada反应、DDQ脱氢、选择性脱甲基化反应,以及随后的糖苷化和脱乙酰化反应,合成了一系列多甲氧基黄酮及其糖苷类化合物1a,1b～4a,4b,5～9.其中1a,1b,2a,2b,3b,4a,4b和5～7,9是全合成的天然产物.此外,在对五甲氧基苯的合成过程中,发现了一种由间二苯酚经溴代、甲基化和芳香亲核取代等三步反应高产率制备有机合成中间体2,3,4,6-四甲氧基苯酚(12)的新方法.所合成新化合物的结构由MS,IR,1H NMR和13C NMR进行了表征.     

A DNA crystal designed to contain two molecules per asymmetric unit

We describe the self-assembly of a DNA crystal that contains two tensegrity triangle molecules per asymmetric unit. We have used X-ray crystallography to determine its crystal structure. In addition, we have demonstrated control over the colors of the crystals by attaching either Cy3 dye (pink) or Cy5 dye (blue-green) to the components of the crystal, yielding crystals of corresponding colors. Attaching the pair of dyes to the pair of molecules yields a purple crystal.     

Chromo-chemodosimetric detection for Fe2+ by Fenton reagent-induced chromophore-decolorizing of halogenated phenolsulfonphthalein derivatives

A commercially-available sulfonphthalein derivative was demonstrated to be a chemodosimeter for Fe²⁺ and its sensing behavior was further investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy in aqueous media under the optimum conditions. In the presence of chlorophenol red (CPR) and H₂O₂, the absorption maximum at 435 nm decreased upon addition of Fe²⁺, resulting in a significant color change of the CPR solution from yellow to colorless. The chemosensor system did not show significant responses to a series of other metal ions including Al³⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, La³⁺, Ce⁴⁺, Th⁴⁺, Pd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Sb³⁺, Cr³⁺, Au³⁺, Ag⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, alkali and alkaline earth metal cations, allowing for highly selective naked-eye detection of Fe²⁺. Quantitative analysis was carried out kinetically for practicable the Fe²⁺ assay when either fixed time method or the initial rate method was applied. When the detecting time was set, the decrease of absorbance signal was linear with Fe²⁺ concentration in the range of 0 to 7.50 × 10^?5 mol L^?1 and the regression equation was ΔA = 0.00759 + 0.00593C _Fe with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9953. The chemodosimetric system has employed an irreversible Fenton reagent-promoted oxidation of the CPR free chromophore and the hydroxyl radicals were generated in the presence of both Fe²⁺ and hydrogen peroxide. The mechanistic interpretation of the signaling process was partially confirmed by the radical scavenging experiment and the FT-IR analysis of the intermediates formed at different reaction periods.     

Enantioselective separation of the carfentrazone‐ethyl enantiomers in soil,water and wheat by HPLC

A simple enantioselective HPLC method was developed for measuring carfentrazone‐ethyl enantiomers. The separation and determination was accomplished on an amylose tris[(S)‐α‐methylbenzylcarbamate] (Chiralpak AS) column using n‐hexane/ethanol (98:2, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 248 nm. The effects of mobile‐phase composition and column temperature on the enantioseparation were discussed. The accuracy, precision, linearity, LODs, and LOQ of the method were also investigated. LOD was 0.001 mg/kg in water, 0.015 mg/kg in soil and wheat, with an LOQ of 0.0025 mg/kg in water and 0.05 mg/kg in soil and wheat for each enantiomer of carfentrazone‐ethyl. SPE was used for the enrichment and cleanup of soil, water, and wheat samples. Recoveries for two enantiomers were 88.4–106.7% with RSD_r of 4.2–9.8% at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg levels from soil, 85.8–99.5% with the RSD_r of 4.4?9.6% at 0.005, 0.025, and 0.05 mg/kg levels from water, and from wheat the recoveries were 86.3?91.3% with RSD_r below 5.0% at 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg levels. This method could be used to identify and quantify the carfentrazone‐ethyl enantiomers in food and environment.